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ASTM D7275-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)

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1.1 This test method is used to measure the tensile properties of bituminous geomembranes (BGM) using a dumbbell shape specimen.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2006
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7275-07 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6455-11(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGMs)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2643/D2643M-21 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006

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ASTM D7275-06 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)ASTM D7275-06 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
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ASTM D7275-06 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7275–06
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7275; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 This test method uses a dumbbell specimen. The shape
and dimensions of the specimen are defined in this standard.
1.1 This test method is used to measure the tensile proper-
No other shape or dimensions are allowed. Other mechanical
ties of bituminous geomembranes (BGM) using a dumbbell
properties of BGM may be measured using different test
shape specimen.
methods. Refer to Guide D 6455.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.3 The reported properties are the tensile strength at break
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
and elongation at break.
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirements
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
outlined in Test Method D 638.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Grips—One of the grips must be self aligning to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
compensate for uneven distribution of force across the speci-
2. Referenced Documents men. The clamping force and the clamp surfaces shall hold the
specimen firmly without causing damage.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 Grip Faces—Grip faces shall be a minimum of 50 mm
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
(2 in.) wide and a minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) in length. Smooth
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
rubber, fine serrated or coarse serrated grip faces have all been
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
found to be suitable for testing BGM. If needed, the use of a
D 6455 Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefab-
silicone-coated paper to help holding the specimen ends into
ricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM)
the grips is recommended. The silicone-coated side is to be
3. Terminology used in contact with the specimen.
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
6. Sampling and Test Specimens
3.1.1 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane (BGM), n—a
6.1 Sampling shall be conducted according to Practice
material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of
D 4354.
non-woven geotextile, impregnated by a blend of oxidized or
6.2 Take a sample that will exclude material from the outer
polymer-modified bitumen incorporating filler.
wrap of the roll or the inner wrap around the core. In the case
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
where the sample is taken at the production site, material from
refer to Terminology D 4439.
the outer wrap may be used if it is undamaged.
4. Significance and Use 6.3 Test Specimens—Prepare five specimens with the length
ofthespecimenparalleltothemachinedirection(MD)andfive
4.1 This method is used to evaluate the tensile properties of
specimens with the length parallel to the cross-machine direc-
BGM. It can be used for manufacturing quality control or
tion (XD).
acceptance testing.
6.4 The specimens shall be cut using an appropriate die to
the shape, dimensions, and tolerances presented in Fig. 1.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
7. Conditioning and Testi
...

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5.1 This practice covers test arrangements, measurement techniques, sampling methods, and calculations to be used for nondestructive evaluation of geomembranes using ultrasonic testing.  
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1.1 This practice provides a summary of equipment and procedures for ultrasonic testing of geomembranes using the pulse echo method.  
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1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method yields the flux of water through a saturated GCL specimen that is consolidated, hydrated, and permeated under a prescribed set of conditions.  
5.2 This test method can be performed to determine if the flux of a GCL specimen exceeds the maximum value stated by the manufacturer.  
5.3 This test method can be used to determine the variation in flux within a sample of GCL by testing a number of different specimens.  
5.4 This test method does not provide a flux value to be used directly in design calculations.
Note 1: Flux for in-service conditions depends on a number of factors, including confining pressure, type of hydration fluid, degree of hydration, degree of saturation, type of permeating fluid, and hydraulic gradient. Correlation between flux values obtained with this test method and flux through GCLs subjected to in-service conditions has not been fully investigated.  
5.5 This test method does not provide a value of hydraulic conductivity. Although hydraulic conductivity can be determined in a manner similar to the method described in this test method, the thickness of the specimen is needed to calculate hydraulic conductivity. This test method does not include procedures for measuring the thickness of the GCL nor of the clay component within the GCL. Refer to Appendix X2 for calculation of hydraulic conductivity.  
5.6 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens. However, flux values measured in this test are typically much lower than those commonly measured for most natural soils. It is essential that the leakage rate of the apparatus used in this test be less than 10 % of the flux.
SCOPE
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1.2 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It is not applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s), geofilm backing(s), or polymer coating backing(s).  
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM D5884/D5884M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.  
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7466/D7466M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Asperity Height of Textured Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The asperity height is an index property used to quantify one of the physical attributes related to the surface roughness of textured geomembranes.  
5.2 This test method is applicable to all currently available textured geomembranes that are deployed as manufactured geomembrane sheets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to measure the asperity height of textured geomembranes.  
1.2 This test method does not provide for measurement of the spacing between the asperities nor of the complete profile of the textured surface.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off