ASTM D7156-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics in a diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading). This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the test method, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combined with SI units. The only exception is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing sizes.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific Safety Precautions
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D7156–05
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
eral Bomb Method)
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics in
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Tarnish Test
a diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation,
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
includingviscosityincreaseandsootconcentrations(loading).
3 (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.
D287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
be regarded separately as the standard.Within the test method,
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combined
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
with SI units.The only exception is where there is no direct SI
Viscosity)
equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
diameters, and tubing sizes.
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D664 TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
by Potentiometric Titration
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. SeeAnnexA6 for
D976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
specific Safety Precautions.
late Fuels
2. Referenced Documents D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens
D2500 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
Closed Cup Closed Tester
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005.
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
method by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all information
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
letters through 02-2. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test
Products, and Lubricants
Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489,Attention:Admin-
istrator. D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
rightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthis
Variable Equation
standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own
responsibility.
Potentiometric Titration
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D7156–05
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission different test equipment, applying different equipment assem-
Spectrometry (ICP-AES) bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.
D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine D 5844
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a 3.1.10 oxidation, n—of engine oil, the reaction of the oil
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light duce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested
Duty Conditions as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine corrosion, or combination thereof. D 4175
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) 3.1.11 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
D5967 TestMethodforEvaluationofDieselEngineOilsin acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
T-8 Diesel Engine 3.1.11.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
D 6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer- testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
Containing Fluids Using European Diesel Injector Appa- to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
ratus oils. D 5844
D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and 3.1.12 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines,adeposit,
Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera- principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
ture uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricant,thatdoesnotdrain
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
Determine Conformance With Specifications D 5302
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom- 3.1.13 standard test, n—a test on a calibrated test stand,
etry using the prescribed equipment that is assembled according to
the requirements in the test method, and conducted according
3. Terminology
to the specified operating conditions.
3.1.13.1 Discussion—The specified operating conditions in
3.1 Definitions:
some test methods include requirements for determining a
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the identity of
test’soperationalvalidity.Theserequirementsareappliedafter
which is unknown by the test facility.
atestiscompletedandcaninclude(1)mid-limitrangesforthe
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This is a coded reference oil that is
average values of primary and secondary parameters that are
submitted by a source independent from the test facility.
narrower than the specified control ranges for the individual
D 5844
values, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary and
3.1.2 blowby, n—in internal combustion engines, the com-
secondary parameters for the specified control ranges, (3)
bustionproducts,andunburnedair-and-fuelmixturethatenter
downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.
the crankcase. D 5302
D 5844
3.1.3 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of
3.1.14 varnish, n—in internal combustion engines, a hard,
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 344
dry,generallylustrousdepositthatcanberemovedbysolvents
3.1.4 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the
but not by wiping with a cloth. D 5302
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
3.1.15 wear, n—the loss of material from, or relocation of
and is intended to be tested against that specification.
material on, a surface.
D 5844
3.1.15.1 Discussion—Wear generally occurs between two
3.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), n—the mixing of
surfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result of
exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen
mechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-
oxides (NO ). Automotive Handbook
x
chanical and chemical action. D 5302
3.1.6 heavy-duty, adj—in internal combustion engine op-
eration, characterized by average speeds, power output and
4. Summary of Test Method
internaltemperaturesthatareclosetothepotentialmaximums.
4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECH
D 4485
V-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation
3.1.7 heavy-duty engine, n—in internal combustion en-
(EGR). Two 30-min oil flushes are followed by a 252-h test at
gines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at
constant speed and load conditions.
or close to its peak output. D 4485
4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosity
3.1.8 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
increase and soot content.
oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
4.3 Rebuild the test engine every ten tests. More frequent
date oil. D 5844
engine rebuilds may be necessary as indicated by degradation
3.1.9 non-standard test, n—a test that is not conducted in
of test parameters and are left to the discretion of the test
conformance with the requirements in the standard test
laboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engine is
method; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using
disassembled, solvent-cleaned, and rebuilt, using all new
pistons,rings,cylinderliners,valves,andvalveguides,instrict
accordance with furnished specification.
Withdrawn.
4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn or
Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1,
Germany. defective parts.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D7156–05
4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories for 8 lines are to have inside diameters of 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) and 13
controlling speed, load, and various engine operating condi- mm ( ⁄2 in.), respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line.
tions. Equivalent lines may be substituted for Aeroquip lines pro-
vided they have the proper inside diameters.
5. Significance and Use
6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on the
5.1 Thistestmethodwasdevelopedtoevaluatetheviscosity
exhaust side of the oil pan, so that the inside bottom of the
increase and soot concentration (loading) performance of
auxiliary oil system suction fitting is 152 mm (6.00 in.) down
engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel
fromtheoilpanrailand178mm(7.00in.)backfromthefront
engines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oil
ofthepan.RefertoFig.A1.4,AnnexA1.Connecttheauxiliary
analysis.
oil system return line to the power steering pump cover on the
5.2 Thetestmethodmaybeusedforengineoilspecification
fronttiminggearcover.RefertoFig.A1.5,AnnexA1.Connect
acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.
the auxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil
sump bucket and the dipstick tube opening.
6. Apparatus
6.2.3.3 UseViking Pump Model SG053514 as the auxiliary
6.1 General Description:
oil pumps (see A2.10). Nominal pump speed is 1725 r/min.
6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,
Shutofftheauxiliaryoilpumpsiftheauxiliaryoilsystemgoes
electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unit
dry.
pumps, using 2002 cylinder heads (Annex A2). It is an open-
6.2.3.4 Use a sight glass to aid in determining the oil level
chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,
should the auxiliary oil system run dry.An example of a sight
charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The bore
glass setup is shown in Fig. A1.18, Annex A1.
7 1
and stroke are 124 by 165 mm (4 ⁄8 3 6 ⁄2 in.), and the
6.2.4 Oil Cooling System:
displacement is 12 L (728 in .).
6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oil
6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relatively
cooler to the engine.The adapter blocks are available from the
free of dirt and other contaminants as required by good
supplier list in Annex A2.7, Annex A2.
laboratorystandards.Filteringair,controllingtemperature,and
6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)
controlling humidity in the engine buildup area helps prevent
shown in Fig. A1.8, Annex A1.
accumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine parts
6.2.5 Blowby Meter—Useametercapableofprovidingdata
and aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.
at a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowby
6.2 The Test Engine:
condensate from draining back into the engine, ensure the
6.2.1 Mack T-11 Test Engine—The engine and cylinder
7 blowby line has a downward slope to a collection bucket.
heads are available from Mack Trucks, Inc. Acomplete parts
Ensure the collection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L
list is shown in Table A2.1, Annex A2. Use test parts on a
(5 gal). Locate the blowby meter downstream of the collection
first-in/first-out basis.
bucket. The slope of the blowby line downstream of the
6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:
collection bucket is unspecified.
6.2.2.1 UseanewMackcoolantconditionershowninTable
6.2.6 Air Supply and Filtration—Use the Mack air filter
A2.1, Annex A2, every test, to limit scaling in the cooling
elementandtheMackfilterhousingshowninA2.3,AnnexA2.
system. Pressurize the system to 103 kPa (15 psi) at the
Replace the filter cartridge when 2.5 kPa (10 in. H O) DPis
expansion tank. Use the coolant shown in 7.3. 2
reached. Install an adjustable valve (flapper) in the inlet air
6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-
system at least two pipe diameters before any temperature,
ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,
pressure, and humidity measurement devices. Use the valve to
reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve.The system
maintain inlet air restriction within required specifications.
shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket
...
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