ASTM E1355-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models
Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.
The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.
5.3 This guide assumes understanding of the use and limitations of the model under analysis as detailed in E1895.
This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:
Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.
Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.
Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.
Approving Officials—To ensure that the results of calculations using mathematical models stating conformance to t...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of evaluation:
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and
1.2.4 Quantifying the uncertainty and accuracy of the model results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire scenarios.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide assumes understanding of the use and limitations of the model under analysis as detailed in Guide E1895.
1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
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An American National Standard
Designation:E1355–11
Standard Guide for
Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire
1
Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1591 Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire
Models
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the
E1895 Guide for Determining Uses and Limitations of
predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The
Deterministic Fire Models
intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical
3
2.2 International Standards Organization Standards:
modelswhichmightbeusedinevaluatingtheeffectsoffiresin
ISO/IEC Guide 98 (2008) Uncertainty of measurement –
and on structures.
Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measure-
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of
ment
evaluation:
ISO 16730 (2008) Fire safety engineering – Assessment,
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the
verification and validation of calculation methods
evaluation is to be conducted,
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis
3. Terminology
and assumptions used in the model,
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this guide
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness
and associated with fire issues, refer to terminology contained
of the model, and
in Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the
1.2.4 Quantifyingtheuncertaintyandaccuracyofthemodel
definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail.
results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
scenarios.
3.2.1 model evaluation—the process of quantifying the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
accuracy of chosen results from a model when applied for a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specific use.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 model validation—the process of determining the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
degree to which a calculation method is an accurate represen-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tation of the real world from the perspective of the intended
1.4 This guide assumes understanding of the use and limi-
uses of the calculation method.
tationsofthemodelunderanalysisasdetailedinGuideE1895.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The fundamental strategy of validation
1.5 Thisfirestandardcannotbeusedtoprovidequantitative
is the identification and quantification of error and uncertainty
measures.
in the conceptual and computational models with respect to
2. Referenced Documents intended uses.
2
3.2.3 model verification—the process of determining that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the implementation of a calculation method accurately repre-
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
sents the developer’s conceptual description of the calculation
E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
method and the solution to the calculation method.
E1472 Guide for Documenting Computer Software for Fire
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The fundamental strategy of verifica-
Models
tion of computational models is the identification and quanti-
fication of error in the computational model and its solution.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandards
3.2.4 The precision of a model refers to the deterministic
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.33onFireSafetyEngineering.
capability of a model and its repeatability.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published January 2011. Originally
3.2.5 The accuracy refers to how well the model replicates
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1355–05a. DOI:
10.1520/E1355-11. the evolution of an actual fire.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
the ASTM website. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1355–11
4. Summary of Guide 5.5 Thisguideisnotmeanttodescribeanacceptancetesting
procedure.
4.1 A recommended process for evaluating the predictive
5.6 The emphasis of this guide is numerical models of fire
capability of fire models is described. This process includes a
evolution.
brief desc
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E1355–05a Designation:E1355–11
Standard Guide for
Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire
1
Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent
is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on
structures.
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of evaluation:
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and
1.2.4 Quantifyingtheuncertaintyandaccuracyofthemodelresultsinpredictingofthecourseofeventsinsimilarfirescenarios.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide assumes understanding of the use and limitations of the model under analysis as detailed in Guide E1895.
1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
E1472 Guide for Documenting Computer Software for Fire Models
E1591 Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models
E1895 Guide for Determining Uses and Limitations of Deterministic Fire Models
3
2.2 International Standards Organization Standards:Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
ISO/IEC Guide 98 (2008) Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
ISO 16730 (2008) Fire safety engineering – Assessment, verification and validation of calculation methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this guide and associated with fire issues, refer to terminology contained in
Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 model evaluation—theprocessofquantifyingtheaccuracyofchosenresultsfromamodelwhenappliedforaspecificuse.
3.2.2 model validation—the process of determining the degree to which a calculation method is an accurate representation of
the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the calculation method.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The fundamental strategy of validation is the identification and quantification of error and uncertainty in
the conceptual and computational models with respect to intended uses.
3.2.3 model verification—the process of determining that the implementation of a calculation method accurately represents the
developer’s conceptual description of the calculation method and the solution to the calculation method.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The fundamental strategy of verification of computational models is the identification and quantification
of error in the computational model and its solution.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.33 on Fire Safety Engineering.
CurrenteditionapprovedAprilJan.1,2005.2011.PublishedMay2005.January2011.Originallyapprovedin1990.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2005asE1355–05a.
DOI: 10.1520/E1355-05A.10.1520/E1355-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1355–11
3.2.4 The precision of a model refers to the deterministic capability of a model and its repeatability.
3.2.5 The accu
...
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