ASTM E800-20
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Because of the loss of life in fires from inhalation of fire gases, much attention has been focused on the analyses of these species. Analysis has involved several new or modified methods, since common analytical techniques have often proven to be inappropriate for the combinations of various gases and low concentrations existing in fire gas mixtures.
4.2 In the measurement of fire gases, it is imperative to use procedures that are both reliable and appropriate to the unique atmosphere of a given fire environment. To maximize the reliability of test results, it is essential to establish the following:
4.2.1 That gaseous samples are representative of the compositions existing at the point of sampling,
4.2.2 That transfer and pretreatment of samples occur without loss, or with known efficiency, and
4.2.3 That data provided by the analytical instruments are accurate for the compositions and concentrations at the point of sampling.
4.3 This document includes a comprehensive survey that will permit an individual, technically skilled and practiced in the study of analytical chemistry, to select a suitable technique from among the alternatives. It will not provide enough information for the setup and use of a procedure (this information is available in the references).
4.4 Data generated by the use of techniques cited in this document should not be used to rank materials for regulatory purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species, together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one analytical method over another.
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale). With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods could be used for measurement in most fire environments.
1.3 This document is intended to be a guide for investigators and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods. A single analytical technique has not been recommended for any chemical species unless that technique is the only one available.
1.4 The techniques described herein can be used to determine the concentration of a specific gas in the total sample collected for analysis. These techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that would be generated by a specimen during a fire test.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E800 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sam-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
pling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in
any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are de-
2. Referenced Documents
scribed for each gaseous species, together with advantages and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
one analytical method over another.
D1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases
D1246 Test Method for Bromide Ion in Water
under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale).
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
could be used for measurement in most fire environments.
Atmospheres
1.3 Thisdocumentisintendedtobeaguideforinvestigators
D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods.
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
A single analytical technique has not been recommended for
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
any chemical species unless that technique is the only one
D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in
available.
Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion
1.4 The techniques described herein can be used to deter-
Chromatography
mine the concentration of a specific gas in the total sample
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and
collected for analysis. These techniques do not determine the
OtherCarbonylCompoundsinAir(ActiveSamplerMeth-
total amount of fire gases that would be generated by a
odology)
specimen during a fire test.
D5466 Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the
Compounds in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling Method-
responseofmaterials,products,orassemblestoheatandflame
ology)
under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate
D6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param-
all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6348 Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Com-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier Transform
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand
Displacement and Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandards
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
2
Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E800 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E800 − 14 E800 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl
sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations.
Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species,
together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy
often dictate use of one analytical method over another.
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale). With proper
sampling considerations, any of these methods could be used for measurement in most fire environments.
1.3 This document is intended to be a guide for investigators and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods. A
single analytical technique has not been recommended for any chemical species unless that technique is the only one available.
1.4 The techniques described herein can be used to determine the concentration of a specific gas in the total sample taken.
collected for analysis. These techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that would be generated by a specimen
during conduct of a fire test.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame under
controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2014July 1, 2020. Published December 2014September 2020. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20072014
as E800 – 07.E800 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0800-14.10.1520/E0800-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E800 − 20
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
D1246 Test Method for Bromide Ion in Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)
D5466 Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling
...
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