ASTM A909-94(1999)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use
Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought, microalloyed carbon steel forgings for industrial use. Microalloyed steels develop their properties by the addition of small amounts of microalloying elements such as vanadium, columbium, titanium, or molybdenum. The properties may be influenced also by control of the hot working process and temperature and by control of the subsequent cooling rate.
1.2 The forgings shall be furnished to chemical composition and mechanical property requirements as specified herein. Chemical composition is based on standard carbon steel grades modified to include microalloying elements. Strength level is specified based on desired mechanical properties in the forgings. Depending on the forging process, different strength classes may be attainable from a single chemical composition. Conversely, mechanical properties of a given strength class may be achieved using different chemical compositions. The manufacturer should be consulted if development of chemical composition is necessary.
1.3 For the purpose of this specification, forgings with maximum section thickness of 4 in. (102 mm) are to be considered.
1.4 Supplementary Requirements S1 to S8 are provided for use when additional controls or requirements are desired. These shall apply only when specified on the purchase order.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.
1.6 Unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 909 – 94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Specification for
Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 909; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements
1.1 This specification covers wrought, microalloyed carbon
for
steel forgings for industrial use. Microalloyed steels develop
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
their properties by the addition of small amounts of microal-
nation of Steel Forgings
loying elements such as vanadium, columbium, titanium, or
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
molybdenum. The properties may be influenced also by control
of Steel Products
of the hot working process and temperature and by control of
A 576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
the subsequent cooling rate.
Special Quality
1.2 The forgings shall be furnished to chemical composition
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
and mechanical property requirements as specified herein.
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
Chemical composition is based on standard carbon steel grades
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
modified to include microalloying elements. Strength level is
ments
specified based on desired mechanical properties in the forg-
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
ings. Depending on the forging process, different strength
als
classes may be attainable from a single chemical composition.
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Conversely, mechanical properties of a given strength class
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
may be achieved using different chemical compositions. The
E 45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content
manufacturer should be consulted if development of chemical
of Steel
composition is necessary.
1.3 For the purpose of this specification, forgings with
3. Terminology
maximum section thickness of 4 in. (102 mm) are to be
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
considered.
3.1.1 microalloy forgings—forgings from microalloyed
1.4 Supplementary Requirements S1 to S8 are provided for
steels produced by effectively controlling the thermomechani-
use when additional controls or requirements are desired.
cal components of the forging process to achieve required
These shall apply only when specified on the purchase order.
mechanical properties with no post-forging heat treatment.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
3.1.2 microalloy forging procedure—the written thermo-
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within
mechanical processing parameters to be followed during the
the text and tables, SI units are shown in brackets. The values
production of a microalloy forging. It would include, but is not
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
limited to: starting stock size; chemical composition, including
system must be used independently of the other. Combining
any optional microalloying additions; reheat practice; forging
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
temperature range; method of heating; cooling methods; and
with this specification.
lot size definition.
1.6 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
4. Ordering Information
pound units.
4.1 Orders for material supplied to this specification should
2. Referenced Documents include the information specified in 4.1 of Specification A 788.
The purchaser should refer to Specification A 788 for informa-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion not contained in this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Approved August 1994. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
published as A 909 – 92. Last previous edition A 909 – 92. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 909 – 94 (1999)
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements (Microalloy Elements)
4.1.1 The type (see 6.1), grade (see 6.1), and the remainder
of the chemical composition (see 6.2 to 6.5) should be Chemical Ranges and Limits, %
Element
included.
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
4.2 The information contained in 4.2 of Specification A 788
Vanadium 0.02 to 0.20 0.01 to 0.21
should be specified, as necessary, to adequately describe the Columbium (Niobium) 0.005 to 0.07 0.004 to 0.08
Molybdenum 0.01 to 0.30 0.31 max
desired material.
Titanium 0.030 max 0.040 max
4.3 In addition to the requirements of 4.1 and 4.2 of
Specification A 788, the following should be included in the
purchase order, as applicable:
4.3.1 From Table 1, strength class or method of testing, or
6.4 Nitrogen may be specified as a supplement to vanadium,
both, including test location on the forging.
columbium, or titanium. When nitrogen is specified as a
4.3.2 Definition of lot size including the number of me-
supplement to vanadium, the minimum ratio of vanadium to
chanical tests to be performed per lot.
nitrogen shall be 4 to 1. The nitrogen content shall not exceed
4.3.3 Any supplementary requirements.
0.03 % and shall be reported.
6.5 Sampling for heat and product analysis shall be in
5. Materials and Manufacture
accordance with the requirements of Specification A 788.
5.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be produced in accor-
dance with the applicable methods for primary and secondary
7. Metallurgical Requirements
melting outlines in Specification A 788.
7.1 Grain Size—The steel shall conform to the fine grain
5.2 The steel shall be killed.
size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M. The grain
5.3 Hot Forging—The forging shall be brought as close as
refining element may be specified in accordance with one of
practical to finish size by hot mechanical working. Controlled
the following types:
hot working and cooling practices shall be applied to develop
specified mechanical properties. 7.1.1 Type A—Aluminum—The total aluminum analysis
shall be 0.020 % or greater, and shall be reported.
5.4 Microalloy Forge Procedure—When requested by the
purchaser, a written forge procedure shall be made available to
7.1.2 Type B—The grain refining element shall be specified
the purchaser by the manufacturer.
in accordance with 5.1.2.3 of Specification A 29/A 29M.
7.2 Microstructure—The microstructure shall consist of a
6. Chemical Composition
minimum of 90 % ferrite-pearlite or 90 % bainite as agreed
6.1 Carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur analyses between producer and purchaser.
shall conform to the table on Grade Designations and Chemical
Requirements of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel Bars in Specifi-
8. Mechanical Properties
cation A 576 for the grade specified, or to such other limits that
8.1 The mechanical properties of the forgings shall conform
may be specified using the ranges and limits in the table on
to the require
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