ASTM D6496-04a(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between the Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between the Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate the quality of the bonding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in inch-pound units are in parentheses for information.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6496 − 04a(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top
and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope rate of extension by a tensile testing machine until the top and
bottom layers of the specimen separate. The average bonding
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
peel strength of the test specimen can be calculated from
the average bonding strength between the top and bottom
machine scales, dials, recording charts, or an interface com-
layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
puter.
1.2 ThevaluesinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.
The values in inch-pound units are in parentheses for informa-
5. Significance and Use
tion.
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
isanticipatedthattheresultsofthetestwillbeusedtoevaluate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the quality of the bonding process.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A constant rate of extension
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(CRE) type of testing machine described in Specification D76
D76Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
shall be used with a minimum precision measuring capability
–4
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
of 0.1 N/m (5.71 × 10 lbf/in).
6.2 Clamps—The clamps shall be a minimum 25 by 100
3. Terminology
mm (1 by 4 in.) and with appropriate clamping power to
3.1 Definitions:
prevent slipping or crushing (damage).
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured wholly or in
part from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or 6.3 Die or Template, 100 by 200 mm (61 mm) (4 by 8 in.).
other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral
6.4 Miscellaneous, knives, razor, and the like, as required.
part of a project, structure, or system. D4439
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic
7. Test Specimen
barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
7.1 The sample received at the testing laboratory should be
geosynthetic material(s). (Currently being balloted under D35
in satisfactory condition and representative of the product
Committee on Terminology)
manufactured or delivered to a site, or both.
4. Summary of Test Method
7.2 The size of the die or template for cutting specimens is
4.1 The top and bottom layers of a geosynthetic clay liner 100 by 200 mm (4 by 8 in.).
aregrippedindividuallyintensilegripsandpulledataconstant
7.3 The loss of clay during the specimen cutting process
should have no bearing on the results of the test.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
7.4 A minimum of five test specimens should be cut from
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners.
the laboratory sample such that they are representative of the
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
entire roll width. All specimens should be parallel to the
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6496–04a. DOI:
machine direction.
10.1520/D6496-04AR09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
8. Conditioning
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 8.1 The test specimen shall be tested as received.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6496 − 04a (2009)
9. Procedure 9.4.2 If a specimen slips in the jaws, or if for any reason
attributable to faulty operation the results fall significantly
9.1 Obtain Specimens—Usingthedie,ortemplateandrazor,
below the average for the set of specimens, discard the results
and other necessary apparatus, carefully cut from the labora-
and test another specimen. Continue until the required number
tory sample five test specimens. The five specimens should be
of readings have been taken.
randomly selected from locations on the sample, but should be
distributed across the sample. All specimens should be cut
10. Calculation
parallel to the machine direction. Using a knife or razor,
10.1 Bonding Peel Strength—Calculate the bond strength of
separate the top and bottom layer of the GCLfor the first 50 6
individual specimens, that is, the average force to cause a
3mm(2 6 0.1 in.).
specimen to separate expressed in N (lbf.) of width, using the
9.2 Machine Set-Up Conditions—Adjust the distance be-
following equation:
tweentheclampsatthestartofthetestto50 63mm(2 60.1
α 5 F /W (1)
in.). Set the CRE at 300 mm/min. (12 in./min.). f avg S
9.3 Insertion of Specimen in Clamps—Mount the specimen where:
centrally in the clamps. The specimen must be visually
α = bonding peel strength, N/m (lbf/in.) of width,
f
observedabovetheclamp.Thespecimenlengthinthemachine
F = observed average force over a grip separation of 50
avg
direction must be parallel to the direction of application of
mm (2 in.) to 250 mm (10 in.), N (lbf), and
force. W = specified specimen width, m (in.).
S
9.4 Measurement of Bonding Peel Strength—Start the ten-
10.2 Average Bonding Peel Strength—Average the calcu-
siletestingmachine.Thisisconsideredthestartofthepeeltest lated bonding peel strength of each specimen:
and represents zero grip separation.Take readings of force and
α 5 α 1α 1···1α /5 (2)
~ !
avg f1 f2 15
time starting from 50 mm (2 in.) of grip separation until 250
where:
mm (10 in.) of grip separation. The average recorde
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6496–04a Designation:D6496–04a (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top
and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of
a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in inch-pound units are in parentheses for information.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured wholly or in part from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other
geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a project, structure, or system. D4439
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of geosynthetic
material(s). (Currently being balloted under D35 Committee on Terminology)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The top and bottom layers of a geosynthetic clay liner are gripped individually in tensile grips and pulled at a constant rate
of extension by a tensile testing machine until the top and bottom layers of the specimen separate. The average bonding peel
strength of the test specimen can be calculated from machine scales, dials, recording charts, or an interface computer.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It is
anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate the quality of the bonding process.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine—Aconstant rate of extension (CRE) type of testing machine described in Specification D76 shall
–4
be used with a minimum precision measuring capability of 0.1 N/m (5.71 3 10 lbf/in).
6.2 Clamps—The clamps shall be a minimum 25 by 100 mm (1 by 4 in.) and with appropriate clamping power to prevent
slipping or crushing (damage).
6.3 Die or Template, 100 by 200 mm (61 mm) (4 by 8 in.).
6.4 Miscellaneous, knives, razor, and the like, as required.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004.2009. Published December 2004.January 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
D6496 – 04a. DOI: 10.1520/D6496-04AR09.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6496–04a (2009)
7. Test Specimen
7.1 The sample received at the testing laboratory should be in satisfactory condition and representative of the product
manufactured or delivered to a site, or both.
7.2 The size of the die or template for cutting specimens is 100 by 200 mm (4 by 8 in.).
7.3 The loss of clay during the specimen cutting process should have no bearing on the results of the test.
7.4 A minimum of five test specimens should be cut from the laboratory sample such that they are representative of the entire
roll width. All specimens should be parallel to the machine direction.
8. Conditioning
8.1 The test specimen shall be tested as received.
9. Procedure
9.1 Obtain Specimens—Using the die, or template and razor, and other necessary apparatus, carefully cut from the laboratory
samplefivetestspecimens.Thefivespecimensshouldberandomlyselectedfromlocationsonthesample,butshouldbedistributed
acrossthesample.Allspecimensshouldbecutparalleltothemachinedirection.Usingaknifeorrazor,separatethetopandbottom
layer of the GCL for the first 50 63mm(2 6 0.1 in.).
9.2 Machine Set-Up Conditions—Adjust the distance between the clamps at the start of the test to 50 63mm(2 6 0.1 in.).
Set the CRE at 300 mm/min. (12 in./min.).
9.3 Insertion of Specimen in Clamps—Mount the specimen centrally in the clamps. The specimen must be visually observed
above the clamp. The specimen length in the machine direction must be parallel to the direction of application of force.
9.4 Measurement of Bonding Peel Strength—Start the tensile testing machine. This is considered the start of the peel test and
represents zero grip separation. Take readings of force and time starting from 50 mm (2 in.) of grip separation until 250 mm (10
in.) of grip separation. The average recorded peeling force of the GCL over 200 mm (8 in.) of grip separation is required and will
signify a complete test of the specimen. (See Fig. 1).
NOTE 1—If significant elongation of the geotextile continues after 50 mm (2 in.) additional grip peeling of the GCL, the recording interval should be
adjusted. The recording interval should correspond to 200 mm (8 in.) of grip separation during the peeling of the GCL.
9.4.1 Readings of force and time shall be taken at a minimum rate of 20 readings per second.
9.4.2 If a specimen slips in the jaws, or if for any reason attributable to faulty operation the results fall significantly below the
av
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