ASTM D7282-14

Standard Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is consistent with a performance-based approach wherein the frequency of re-calibration and instrument testing is linked to a laboratory's continuing performance with its quality control results. Under the premise of this practice, a laboratory demonstrates that its instrument performance is acceptable for analyzing sample test sources.  
5.2 When a laboratory demonstrates acceptable performance based on continuing instrument quality control data (that is, QC charts), batch QC samples (that is, blanks, laboratory control samples, replicates, matrix spikes, and other batch QC samples as may be applicable) and independent reference materials, traditional schedule-driven instrument recalibration is permissible but unnecessary.  
5.3 When continuing instrument QC, batch QC, or independent reference material sample results indicate that instrument response has exceeded established control or tolerance limits, instrument calibration is required. Other actions related to sample analyses on the affected instruments may be required by the laboratory QM.  
5.4 The data obtained while following this Practice will most likely reside in computer storage. This data remains in the computer storage where it is readily retrievable and as necessary is used to produce plots, graphs, spreadsheets and other types of displays and reports. Frequency and performance of data storage backup should be specified in the laboratory QM.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the calibration and quality control of nuclear instruments. This practice is provided for establishing appropriate quality control parameters at instrument startup, calibration of nuclear counting instruments and the continuing monitoring of quality control parameters. Calibrations are usually performed to establish the operating parameters of the instrument. This practice addresses the typically used nuclear counting instruments: alpha spectrometer, gamma spectrometer, gas proportional counter and liquid scintillation counter.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2014
• ICS: 17.240 - Radiation measurements
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.04 - Methods of Radiochemical Analysis

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7282 − 14
Standard Practice for
Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used
1
for Radioactivity Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope and Associated Instrument Quality Control
ANSI N42.23 Measurement andAssociated Instrumentation
1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the calibra-
3
Quality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories
tion and quality control of nuclear instruments.This practice is
3
ANSI/HPS N13.30 Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay
provided for establishing appropriate quality control param-
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
eters at instrument startup, calibration of nuclear counting
4
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
instruments and the continuing monitoring of quality control
JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide
parameters. Calibrations are usually performed to establish the
5
to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
operating parameters of the instrument.This practice addresses
the typically used nuclear counting instruments: alpha
3. Terminology
spectrometer, gamma spectrometer, gas proportional counter
3.1 Definitions:
and liquid scintillation counter.
3.1.1 Fordefinitionofothertermsusedinthispractice,refer
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to Terminology D1129.
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conversions that are provided for information only and are not
3.2.1 acceptable verification ratio (AVR), n—ratio of the
considered standard.
difference between measured value of the verification sample
and the known value added to the verification sample to the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
square root of the sum of the squares of their associated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
combined standard uncertainties.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—See Eq 10 in 16.2.13.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 background subtraction count (BSC), n—a source
count used to determine the background to be subtracted from
2. Referenced Documents
the sample test source count.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 calibration, n—determining the instrument response
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
to a known amount of radioactive material.
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
3.2.4 calibration source (CS), n—a known quantity of
D4375 Practice for Basic Statistics in Committee D19 on
radioactive material, traceable to a national standards body,
Water
prepared for the purpose of calibrating nuclear instruments.
2.2 Other Standards:
3.2.5 continuing instrument quality control,
ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the
n—measurements taken to ensure that an instrument responds
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
in the same manner subsequent to its calibration.
3.2.6 instrument check source (ICS), n—a radioactive
source, not necessarily traceable to a national standards body,
that is used to confirm the continuing satisfactory operation of
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
an instrument.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
3
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7282 – 06. DOI: 10.1520/ 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
D7282-14. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Breteuil F-92312 Sèvres Cedex France, http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/
the ASTM website. guides/gum.html.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7282 − 14
3.2.7 instrument contamination check (ICC), n—a measure- 3.3 Acronyms:
men
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7282 − 06 D7282 − 14
Standard Practice for
Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used
1
for Radioactivity Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the calibration and quality control of nuclear instruments. This practice is
provided for establishing appropriate quality control parameters at instrument startup, calibration of nuclear counting instruments
and the continuing monitoring of quality control parameters. Calibrations are usually performed to establish the operating
parameters of the instrument. This practice addresses the typically used nuclear counting instruments: alpha spectrometer, gamma
spectrometer, gas proportional counter and liquid scintillation counter.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this The values
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
D4375 Practice for Basic Statistics in Committee D19 on Water
2.2 Other Standards:
3
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3
ISO 1995 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Associated
3
Instrument Quality Control
3
ANSI N42.23 Measurement and Associated Instrumentation Quality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories
3
ANSI/HPS N13.30 Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay
4
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
5
JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of other terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acceptable verification ratio (AVR)—(AVR), n—ratio of the difference between measured value of the verification sample
and the known value added to the verification sample to the square root of the sum of the squares of their associated combined
standard uncertainties. See Eq 10 in 16.2.13.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical Analysis.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2006June 1, 2014. Published January 2007July 2014. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7282
– 06. DOI: 10.1520/D7282-06.10.1520/D7282-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.Bureau International des Poids et
Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de Breteuil F-92312 Sèvres Cedex France, http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides/gum.html.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7282 − 14
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
See Eq 10 in 16.2.13.
3.2.2 background subtraction count (BSC)—(BSC), n—a source count used to determine the background to be subtracted from
the sample test source c
...