ASTM D1194-94

Standard Test Method for Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load and Spread Footings (Withdrawn 2003)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers estimation of the bearing capacity of soil in place by means of field loading tests. This test method can be used as part of a procedure for soil investigation for foundation design. It gives information on the soil only to a depth equal to about two diameters of the bearing plate, and takes into account only part of the effect of time.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1993
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Aug-2003
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1194 – 94
Standard Test Method for
Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load and Spread
1
Footings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope suring the force exerted by the jack. The force-measuring
devices should be capable of recording the load with an error
1.1 This test method covers estimation of the bearing
not exceeding 62 % of the load increment used.
capacity of soil in place by means of field loading tests. This
3.3 Bearing Plates—Three circular steel bearing plates, not
test method can be used as part of a procedure for soil
less than 1 in. (25 mm) in thickness and varying in diameter
investigation for foundation design. It gives information on the
from 12 to 30 in. (305 to 762 mm), including the minimum and
soil only to a depth equal to about two diameters of the bearing
maximum diameter specified or square steel bearing plates of
plate, and takes into account only part of the effect of time.
equivalent area. As an alternative, three small concrete footings
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of the size mentioned or larger can be cast in-situ. Such
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
footings must have a depth of not less than two thirds of their
information only.
width.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 Settlement-Recording Devices, such as dial gages, ca-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pable of measuring settlement of the test plates to an accuracy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of at least 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.5 Miscellaneous Apparatus, including loading columns,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
steel shims, and other construction tools and equipment re-
2. Significance and Use
quired for preparation of the test pits and loading apparatus.
2.1 This test method is used to estimate the bearing capacity
NOTE 1—Testing assemblies may vary widely, depending on job
of a soil under field loading conditions for a specific loading
conditions, testing requirements, and equipment available. The testing
assembly and program should be planned in advance and approved by the
plate and depth of embedment. The bearing capacity of a soil
supervising engineer, and in general can permit considerable latitude in
is not simply a soil strength parameter, but it also depends on
details within the specific requirements noted above and outlined in the
the magnitude and distribution of the load, dimension, and
following test procedure. A typical assembly for conducting load tests is
geometry of the loading plate and depth of embedment (or
illustrated in Fig. 1.
elevation of testing). This bearing capacity can be used in soil
investigations and for the design of foundations.
4. Procedure
4.1 Selection of Test Areas—Base the selection of represen-
3. Apparatus
tative test areas for bearing tests on the results of exploratory
3.1 Loading Platforms or Bins of sufficient size and
borings and on the design requirements of the structure. Unless
strength to supply the estimated total load required or equiva-
otherwise specified, make the load test at the elevation of the
lent means of supplying the total load reaction anticipated.
proposed footings and under the same conditions to which the
3.2 Hydraulic or Mechanical Jack Assembly of sufficient
proposed footings will be subjected. At the selected elevation
capacity to provide and maintain the maximum estimated load
place the bearing plates at the same relative depths (depths
for the specific soil conditions involved, but not less than 50
expressed in plate diameters) as the actual footing.
tons (440 kN) in any case, and at least one device, such as a
NOTE 2—For footings placed under permanently excavated basements
pressure gage, electronic load cell, or proving ring, for mea-
the depth of the actual footing is construed as the depth from the basement
level or depth over which the surcharge is permanently acting, rather than
1 the depth from the ground surface.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
NOTE 3—If the mentioned condition of equal relative depth cannot be
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
met for practical reasons, the test results must be interpreted by using an
Construction Control Tests.
Current edi
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