ASTM A178/A178M-02(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for electric-resistance-welded tubes with minimum-wall-thickness made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel to be used in boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends. The steel shall be of Grades A (low-carbon steel), C (medium-carbon steel), or D (carbon-manganese steel). All tubes shall be submitted to heat treatment after welding, followed by cooling. The steel shall conform to stated compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, and silicon. Grades C and D shall conform to given tensile requirements, that is tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. The material shall also be subjected to flattening, flange, tension, reverse flattening, and hydrostatic (or nondestructive electric) tests. Crush test shall also be performed if asked by the purchaser. Minimum elongation values are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers minimum-wall-thickness, electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends. Note 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A178/A178M −02 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-
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Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA178/A178M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness, 2.1 ASTM Standards:
electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for
carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
flues, superheater flues, and safe ends. E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
Tubing
NOTE 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge
E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of
welding.
Welded Pipe and Tubing
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to
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this specification are ⁄2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside
3. Ordering Information
diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
minimum wall thickness.Tubing having other dimensions may
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other
material adequately:
requirements of this specification.
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to
3.1.2 Name of material (electric-resistance-welded tubes),
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tubing smaller than ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015
3.1.3 Grade (A, C, or D, Table 1),
in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and
3.1.6 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 7;
when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
crush test, Section 10; hydrostatic or nondestructive electric
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
test, 11.6),
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.7 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi-
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
cation A450/A450M),
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
3.1.8 Specification designation,
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3.1.9 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
and
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
3.1.10 Special requirements.
designation of this specification is specified in the order.
4. Manufacture
4.1 The steel for Grade D shall be killed.
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.2 Tubes shall be made by electric-resistance welding.
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
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approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A178/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A178M – 02(2007). DOI: 10.1520/A0178_A0178M-02R12. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-178 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A178/A178M−02 (2012)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Composition, % Grade C Grade D
Grade A, Grade C, Grade D, Carbon-
Element
Low-Carbon Medium- Man- Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 70 [485]
Steel Carbon Steel ganese Steel Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 37 [255] 40 [275]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 30 30
Carbon 0.06–0.18 0.35 max 0.27 max
A A
For longitudinal strip tests a deduction for 1.50 1.50
Manganese 0.27–0.63 0.80 max 1.00–1.50
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each ⁄32-in. [0.8 mm] decrease in wall
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.030
5
thickness below ⁄16 in. [8 mm] from the
Sulfur, max 0.035 0.035 0.015
basic minimum elongation of the
Silicon . . 0.10 min
following percentage points shall be
...
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