ASTM F2994-18(2022)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Utilization of Mobile, Automated Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) Impregnation Systems
Standard Practice for Utilization of Mobile, Automated Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) Impregnation Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for use by installers who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a mobile, automated CIPP impregnation system to manufacture resin impregnated tube installed through an existing conduit. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the impregnation of 2 in. to 48 in. (50 mm to 1200 mm) diameter cured-in-place pipe utilizing mobile, automated systems. Temporary impregnation facilities set up at the jobsite (“over-the-hole” wet outs) are not covered under this standard. Once resin saturation is complete, the wet out liner is then used to rehabilitate existing gravity flow or pressure pipelines, process piping, electrical conduits or ventilation systems.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2994 − 18 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Utilization of Mobile, Automated Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP)
Impregnation Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* F1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and
Conduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the impreg-
Impregnated Tube
nation of 2 in. to 48 in. (50 mm to 1200 mm) diameter
cured-in-place pipe utilizing mobile, automated systems. Tem-
3. Terminology
porary impregnation facilities set up at the jobsite (“over-the-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
hole” wet outs) are not covered under this standard. Once resin
nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
saturation is complete, the wet out liner is then used to
nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.
rehabilitate existing gravity flow or pressure pipelines, process
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
piping, electrical conduits or ventilation systems.
3.2.1 certificate of analysis (COA), n—Documented evi-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
dence of the quality control testing performed on the resin and
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
catalyst formulations. As a minimum, the COA shall include
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
the product name; batch number; date of manufacture; name,
and are not considered standard.
address and phone number of manufacturer; test methods; test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
limits and actual results.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 CIPP automation, n—The use of PLCs and HMIs to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
control the operation of a mobile impregnation unit. As a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
minimum, the following functions shall be controlled and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
monitored by the CIPP automation process: Operating speed
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
and pressure of resin and catalyst pumps; resin and catalyst
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
temperature, mixing ratio, container levels, utilization, recircu-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
lation and dispense; vacuum pump operation; calibration roller
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
speed, direction and gap setting. Data from all installations
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
shall be electronically stored on an internal memory device
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
integrated into the HMI and shall be downloadable to an
external storage device for project quality assurance record
2. Referenced Documents
keeping. The data stored shall at a minimum include: project
2.1 ASTM Standards:
name, identification number and location; date and time of
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
processing wet out; CIPP liner diameter, thickness and length;
tics
and resin and catalyst temperatures, pressures, flow rates, and
D5813 Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting
volumes utilized. Additional data recorded may include the
Resin Sewer Piping Systems
calibration roller distance, gap setting, roller speed, and
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
vacuum level.
3.2.3 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), n—a hollow cylinder
1 containing a nonwoven or a woven material, or a combination
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on
of nonwoven and woven material surrounded by a cured
Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.
thermosetting resin. Plastic coatings may be included. This
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
pipe is formed within an existing pipe. Therefore, it takes the
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D2994–18. DOI:
shape of and fits tightly to the existing pipe.
10.1520/F2994-18R22
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.4 calibration roller, n—Electrically driven or variable
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
speed hydraulic drive device used to assist with the impregna-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tion process. Resin saturated liners shall pass through the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2994 − 18 (2022)
rollers at a set speed and gap setting. The gap setting shall be 5.2 Liner tube—The liner tube shall consist of one or more
adjustable and measurable via a mechanical scale or the layers of flexible needled felt or fiberglass, or both, an
electronic display of the HMI. The linear rate of the CIPPliner equivalent nonwoven or woven material, or a combination of
processed through the roller shall be adjustable by a variable nonwoven and woven materials or fiberglass, or a combination
speed drive via the electronic display of the HMI. thereof, capable of carrying resin, withstanding installation
pressures and curing temperatures. The tube shall be compat-
3.2.5 impregnation module, n—fully contained, insulated
ible with the resin system used. The outside layer of the tube
system used in the production of CIPP on a mobile impregna-
shall be coated or protected with a material that is compatible
tion unit. (See Fig. 1.)
with the resin system used. The tube shall be fabricated to a
3.2.5.1 Discussion—ThemoduleshalloperatethroughCIPP
size that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumfer-
automation and as a minimum shall include the following
ence and the length of the original conduit.
components: precision pumps and metering devices, bulk resin
and catalyst storage containers with temperature control
5.3 Resin—A formulated resin and catalyst that is compat-
system, roller bed, work table, external connections for resin
ible with the automation process and end use application shall
and catalyst filling, compatible piping, hoses, directional flow
be used. The resin shall have an initiation temperature for cure
control valves, vacuum system, hoses and connections and
that is less than 180 °F (82.2 °C).
resin mixing chamber including static mixer. The vacuum
5.4 Catalyst—A curing agent, hardener, initiator, diluent,
pump may be installed inside or outside the insulated module.
admixture, or combination thereof.
3.2.6 mobileimpregnationunit,n—amobilesystem,usually
permanently mounted on a trailer or truck, used to manufacture
6. Design Considerations
CIPP at or nearby the point of installation using CIPP automa-
tion. 6.1 Wall Thickness—The CIPP wall thickness shall be
designed in accordance with Practice F1216, Appendix X1.
3.3 Acronyms:
3.3.1 PLC, n—programmable logic controller
6.2 Unless otherwise specified, the CIPP shall meet the
requirements of grade 3, Type I, II or III CIPP as described in
3.3.2 HMI, n—human machine interface (touch screen)
Specification D5813.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is for use by installers who are involved in 7. Equipment
the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a mobile,
7.1 Resin pumps—Positive displacement pumps specifically
automated CIPP impregnation system to manufacture resin
designed for the formulated resin and catalyst utilized shall be
impregnated tube installed through an existing conduit. As for
used. The pumps shall be capable of delivering the required
any practice, modifications may be required for specific job
volume of mixed resin to the tube during impregnation in a
conditions.
suitable time frame and shall also be capable of pulling suction
for container filling.
5. Materials
5.1 All materials shall be handled, packaged, marked and 7.2 Piping, fittings, and containers—All piping, fittings and
transported in accordance with local, state and federal regula- containers used to convey, circulate and store resin and catalyst
tions and requirements. shall be made of a material suitable for constant contact with
FIG. 1 Typical Impregnation Module
F2994 − 18 (2022)
the respective material(s). Resin and catalyst containers shall be operated if resin and catalyst temperatures fall outside the
meet all federal, state and local regulations for material range recommended by the manufacturer. Resin that is too cold
transport. will have a viscosity that is too high, causing excessive pump
pressures; resin that is too warm will reduce the pot life of the
7.3 Flow meter—Precision metering device used to measure
mixed resin. Work room climate control systems such as roof
resin and catalyst quantities with an accuracy tolerance of
mounted HVAC, stand heating or refrigeration units may be
61.0 % or better by volume.
utilized in conjunction with temperature control systems as
7.4 Temperature control system—A heat exchange system
described in 7.4 to assist with the material heating or cooling
used to regulate resin and catalyst temperatures. Acceptable
process.
methods may include utilizing temperature controlled air or
8.5 All liner tube should be stored indoors or protected from
water, glycol lines, or heat tracing and insulation.
moisture and ultraviolet light when not in use. Storage tem-
7.5 Static mixer—Plastic or stainless steel device consisting
perature for all liner tube shall be within acceptable limits as
of mixing elements within a carrier tube that is used to
established by the manufacturer. The tube(s) proposed to be
thoroughly mix resin and catalyst prior to liner impregnation.
used for the next installation(s) may be transported in bulk to
The static mixer shall be appropriately designed and sized for
the job-site or measured, cut and stored inside the mobile
the viscosity and flow rate of the mixed resin utilized.
impregnation unit prior to mobilization.
7.6 Vacuum system—A device used to remove air from a
8.6 Once the mobile impregnation unit is ready for use and
liner and assist with liner impregnation. The vacuum pump
the liner tube is pre-measured and cut, the liner tube may be
3 3
shall have a minimum capacity of 9.4 ft /min (16 m /hr) for up
positioned on the ro
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