ASTM D3142-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid asphalts (Hydrometer Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid asphalts (Hydrometer Method)
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of the density of cutback asphalts using a glass hydrometer. It is applicable to cutback asphalts which are liquid at room temperature (see Note 1). It provides more explicit testing procedures than those in Test Method D 1298.
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Designation:D3142–97
Standard Test Method for
Density of Liquid Asphalts (Hydrometer Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing
Type)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
D 3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid
of cutback asphalts using a glass hydrometer. It is applicable to
Bituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
cutback asphalts which are liquid at room temperature (see
D 4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correc-
Note 1). It provides more explicit testing procedures than those
tion to a Base Temperature
in Test Method D 1298.
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
NOTE 1—Formaterialsthataresolidorsemi-solidatroomtemperature, 5
E 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
use Test Method D 70 or Test Method D 3289.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 API gravity—a function of specific gravity 15.6/
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
15.6°F, represented by the equation:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
°API5~141.5/SG 15.6/15.6°C! – 131.5 (1)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.1.2 density—the mass per unit volume of a material.
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
3.1.3 observed values—values observed at temperatures
2. Referenced Documents other than the standard reference temperature. Values observed
at other temperatures are only hydrometer readings, and not
2.1 ASTM Standards:
density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity.
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
2 3.1.4 relative density—the ratio of the mass of a given
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
volume of a material to the mass of the same volume of water
D 70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid
3 at the same temperature.
Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
3 3.1.4.1 Discussion—Relative density is also called specific
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
4 gravity.
D 1250 Petroleum Measurement Tables
3.1.5 specific gravity—relative density.
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
4. Summary of Test Method
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
4.1 The sample is brought to the testing temperature and
D 2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing
3 transferred to a cylinder at approximately the same tempera-
Type)
ture. The cylinder and its contents are placed in a constant-
D 2027 Specification for CutbackAsphalt (Medium-Curing
3 temperature bath to avoid excessive temperature variation
Type)
during the test. The appropriate hydrometer is lowered into the
sample and allowed to settle. After temperature equilibrium,
the hydrometer is read and the temperature of the sample is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road noted. The hydrometer reading is converted to the density at
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 on
15°C using standard tables.
Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests.
4.2 The hydrometer reading is corrected to density at 15°C
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originally
by referring to standard tables.
published as D 3142 – 72. Last previous edition D 3142 – 84 (1989).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3142
5. Significance and Use 8.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a repre-
sentative portion for testing.
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to
units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the
9. Temperature of Test
temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using
Practice D 4311. 9.1 Because of differences in viscosity between various
grades of liquid asphalts, the temperature of the test must be
6. Apparatus
adjusted so that it will provide sufficient fluidity to conduct the
6.1 Hydrometers, glass, graduated in units of specific grav-
testoverareasonableperiodoftime.Therecommendedtesting
ity, or API gravity as required, conforming to Specification
temperatures for the various grades shown in Table 2 are based
E 100 as listed in Table 1.
on a viscosity of approximately 200 to 500 cst.
6.2 Other hydrometers conforming to the performance and
9.2 When the hydrometer value is to be used to select
accuracy requirements of Specification E 100 may be used.
multipliers for correcting volumes to standard temperatures,
6.3 Thermometers—Calibrated liquid in glass total immer-
the hydrometer reading should be made preferably at a
sion thermometers with a maximum scale error of 0.1°C.
temperature within 63°C of the temperature at which the bulk
Thermometer 12C as defined in Specification E 1 is suitable.
volume of the oil was measured (Note 3). However, in cases
Any other thermometric device of equal accuracy may be used.
when appreciable amounts of light fractions may be lost during
6.4 Hydrometer Cylinder, clear glass, plastic (Note 2), or
determination at the bulk asphalt temperature, the temperatures
metal. For convenience in pouring, the cylinder may have a lip
given in Table 2 should not be exceeded.
on the rim. The inside diameter of the cylinder shall be at least
NOTE 3—Volume and density correction tables are based on an average
20 mm greater than the outside diameter of the hydrometer
coefficient of expansion for a number of typical materials. Since the same
used in it. The height of the cylinder shall be such that the
coefficients were used in computing both sets of tables, corrections made
hydrometer floats in the sample with at least 25 mm clearance
over the same temperature interval minimize errors arising from possible
between the bottom of the hydrometer and the bottom of the differences between the coefficients of the material under test and the
standard coefficients. This effect becomes more important as temperatures
cylinder.
diverge significantly from 15°C.
NOTE 2—Hydrometercylindersconstructedofplasticmaterialsshallbe
resistant to discoloration or attack by oil samples and must not become
10. Procedure
opaque by prolonged exposure to sunlight and oil samples.
10.1 Select the test temperature in accordance with the
6.5 Constant-Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining the
indications given in Section 9. Heat the sample in an oven to
testing temperature to 60.5°C and of such dimensions that the
within 3°C of the test temperature but without exceeding it.
level of the liquid is approximately the same as that of the
The container shall be covered with a loose-fitting cover to
sample in the hydrometer cylinder.
prevent solvent ev
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