ASTM F2174-02(2019)

Standard Practice for Verifying Acoustic Emission Sensor Response

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Degradation in sensor performance can occur due to dropping, mechanical shock while mounted on the test structure, temperature cycles, and so forth. It is necessary and desirable to have a simple measurement procedure that will check the consistency of sensor response, while holding all other variables constant.  
3.2 While test blocks of many different kinds have been used for this purpose for many years, an acrylic polymer rod offers the best all-around combination of suitable acoustic properties, practical convenience, ease of procurement, and low cost.  
3.3 Because the acoustic properties of the acrylic rod are known to depend on temperature, this practice requires that the rod, sensors, and couplant be stabilized at the same working temperature, prior to application of the practice.  
3.4 Attention should be paid to storage conditions for the acrylic polymer rod. For example, it should not be left in a freezing or hot environment overnight, unless it is given time for temperature stabilization before use.  
3.5 Properly applied and with proper record keeping, this practice can be used in many ways, such as:  
3.5.1 To determine when a sensor is no longer suitable for use.  
3.5.2 To check sensors that have been exposed to high-risk conditions such as dropping, overheating, and so forth.  
3.5.3 To get an early warning of sensor degradation over time.  
3.5.4 To obtain matched sets of sensors and preamplifiers.  
3.5.5 To verify sensors quickly but accurately in the field, and to assist troubleshooting when a channel does not pass a performance check.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used for routinely checking the sensitivity of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. It is intended to provide a reliable, precisely specified way of comparing a set of sensors or telling whether an individual sensor's sensitivity has degraded during its service life, or both.  
1.2 The procedure in this practice is not a “calibration” and does not give frequency-response information.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This practice does not purport to recommend one sensor manufacturer over another nor does it imply that one type of sensor will react differently from another when using this procedure.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2019
• ICS: 17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
• Technical Committee: F18 - Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers
• Drafting Committee: F18.55 - Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial Devices

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2174 − 02 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Verifying Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2174; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic
Emission Sensor Response
1.1 This practice is used for routinely checking the sensi-
tivity of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. It is intended to
3. Significance and Use
provide a reliable, precisely specified way of comparing a set
3.1 Degradation in sensor performance can occur due to
of sensors or telling whether an individual sensor’s sensitivity
dropping, mechanical shock while mounted on the test
has degraded during its service life, or both.
structure, temperature cycles, and so forth. It is necessary and
1.2 The procedure in this practice is not a “calibration” and
desirable to have a simple measurement procedure that will
does not give frequency-response information.
check the consistency of sensor response, while holding all
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the other variables constant.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2 While test blocks of many different kinds have been
only.
used for this purpose for many years, an acrylic polymer rod
offers the best all-around combination of suitable acoustic
1.4 This practice does not purport to recommend one sensor
properties, practical convenience, ease of procurement, and
manufacturer over another nor does it imply that one type of
low cost.
sensor will react differently from another when using this
procedure.
3.3 Because the acoustic properties of the acrylic rod are
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the known to depend on temperature, this practice requires that the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the rod, sensors, and couplant be stabilized at the same working
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- temperature, prior to application of the practice.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.4 Attention should be paid to storage conditions for the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
acrylic polymer rod. For example, it should not be left in a
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
freezing or hot environment overnight, unless it is given time
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
for temperature stabilization before use.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.5 Properly applied and with proper record keeping, this
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
practice can be used in many ways, such as:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.5.1 To determine when a sensor is no longer suitable for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
use.
2. Referenced Documents 3.5.2 To check sensors that have been exposed to high-risk
conditions such as dropping, overheating, and so forth.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.5.3 To get an early warning of sensor degradation over
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
time.
Sensors
3.5.4 To obtain matched sets of sensors and preamplifiers.
E750 Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instru-
3.5.5 To verify sensors quickly but accurately in the field,
mentation
and to assist troubleshooting when a channel does not pass a
performance check.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical
4. Apparatus
Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F18.55 on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial Devices.
4.1 Acrylic Polymer Cylindrical Rod (Fig. 1) should be
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally
used. The actual material of the acrylic polymer rod is
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2174 – 02 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/F2174-02R19.
poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1.1 Dimensions of the rod should be 78.74 cm (31 in.)
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
long by 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) in diameter with ends cut true and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. smooth with a surface finish of 0.4 µm rms (0.16 µin.).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2174 − 02 (2019)
FIG. 1 Acrylic Rod Description
4.1.2 Other lengths of rod are acceptable, provided that 5.5 Using the pencil lead source, break lead with the end of
there is sufficient distance to attenuate and prevent reflected the 9.3-mm lead in the center of the reference mark, within 0.5
signals from the non-sensor end of the rod reaching the sensor. mm (0.020 in.) with a lead extension of 2.5 6 0.5 mm (0.1 6
4.1.3 A permanent reference mark (for example, an “X”) is 0.20 in.). A Nielsen shoe may be used to obtain a consistent 30°
placed on the rod at a distance of 10.16 cm (4 in.) from one angle between the lead and the surface. Hold the pencil
end; this marks the spot where the lead is to be broken. It is pointing toward the sensor but with its axis approximately 22°
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2174 − 02 (Reapproved 2015) F2174 − 02 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Verifying Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2174; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is used for routinely checking the sensitivity of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. It is intended to provide a
reliable, precisely specified way of comparing a set of sensors or telling whether an individual sensor’s sensitivity has degraded
during its service life, or both.
1.2 The procedure in this practice is not a “calibration” and does not give frequency-response information.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This practice does not purport to recommend one sensor manufacturer over another nor does it imply that one type of sensor
will react differently from another when using this procedure.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E750 Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instrumentation
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Degradation in sensor performance can occur due to dropping, mechanical shock while mounted on the test structure,
temperature cycles, and so forth. It is necessary and desirable to have a simple measurement procedure that will check the
consistency of sensor response, while holding all other variables constant.
3.2 While test blocks of many different kinds have been used for this purpose for many years, an acrylic polymer rod offers the
best all-around combination of suitable acoustic properties, practical convenience, ease of procurement, and low cost.
3.3 Because the acoustic properties of the acrylic rod are known to depend on temperature, this practice requires that the rod,
sensors, and couplant be stabilized at the same working temperature, prior to application of the practice.
3.4 Attention should be paid to storage conditions for the acrylic polymer rod. For example, it should not be left in a freezing
or hot environment overnight, unless it is given time for temperature stabilization before use.
3.5 Properly applied and with proper record keeping, this practice can be used in many ways, such as:
3.5.1 To determine when a sensor is no longer suitable for use.
3.5.2 To check sensors that have been exposed to high-risk conditions such as dropping, overheating, and so forth.
3.5.3 To get an early warning of sensor degradation over time.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F18.55
on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial Devices.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015Aug. 1, 2019. Published May 2015August 2019. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
F2174-02(2008).F2174 – 02 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/F2174-02R15.10.1520/F2174-02R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2174 − 02 (2019)
3.5.4 To obtain matched sets of sensors and preamplifiers.
3.5.5 To verify sensors quickly but accurately in the field, and to assist troubleshooting when a channel does not pass a
performance check.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Acrylic Polymer Cylindrical Rod (Fig. 1) should be used. The actual material of the acrylic polymer rod is
poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA).
4.1.1 Dimensions of the rod should be 78.74 cm (31 in.) long by 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) in diameter with ends cut true and smooth
with a surface finish of 0.4 μm rms (0.16 μin.).
4.1.2 Other lengths of rod are acceptable, provided that there is sufficient distance to attenuate and prevent reflected signals from
the non-sensor end of the rod reaching the sensor.
4.1.3 A permanent reference mark (for example, an “X”) is placed on the rod at a distance of 10.16 cm (4 in.) from one end;
this marks the spot where the lead is to be broken. It is convenient to provide a very small spotface, for example, 0.79 6 0.05-mm
(0.031 6 0.002-in.) diameter and 0.076 to 0.178 mm (0.003 to 0.007 in.) deep at this reference mark point, to rest the tip of the
pencil lead to
...