iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D2643-08

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)

Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers prefabricated asphalt liner sheets intended for installation to provide a continuous, exposed lining for reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches. The liner sheets shall consist of layers of asphalt mastic between asphalt-saturated felts, mats, or fabrics, and shall be coated on both sides and covered with a material to prevent the finished sheets from sticking together during storage and shipment. The coating shall be a hot-applied asphalt material permitted to be compounded with a mineral stabilizer. Thickness of asphalt coating, water absorption, mass percent of asphalt, resistance to decay, flexibility, brittleness, and heat dissipation tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed lining for canals and ditches.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2008
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2643-04 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D2643/D2643M-08(2013)e1 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
Effective Date
01-May-2013

Buy Standard

ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)REDLINE ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
PreviousNext
Technical specification
REDLINE ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)REDLINE ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
PreviousNext
Technical specification
REDLINE ASTM D2643-08 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2643 −08
StandardSpecification for
Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and
1
Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2643; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
D6455 Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefab-
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous
ricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM)
geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed
D7275 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous
lining for canals and ditches.
Geomembranes (BGM)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Materials
only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms related to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2 Definitions:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane, n—a mate-
rial fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of a
2. Referenced Documents
geotextile saturated and coated with an oxidized or an elasto-
2
meric modified bitumen blend incorporating a filler.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
3.2.2 mineral stabilizer, n—a fine, water-insoluble inorganic
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
material, used as a filler material in the bitumen of a prefab-
Temperature
ricated bituminous geomembrane.
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3.3.1 selvage, n—the edge portion of a prefabricated
D4798 Practice for Accelerated Weathering Test Conditions
bituminous geomembrane that is parallel to the machine
and Procedures for Bituminous Materials (Xenon-Arc
direction.
Method)
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
4. Classifications
Geomembranes and Related Products
4.1 Prefabricated bituminous geomembranes covered by
D5147 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Modified
thisspecificationshallbeclassifiedasTypeI,TypeII,andType
Bituminous Sheet Material
III. Distinction between those types is related to the require-
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
ments found in Table 1.
of Geosynthetics
4.2 Prefabricated bituminous geomembranes covered by
D5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of
this specification, regardless of their type indicated in section
Geotextiles
4.1, shall also be classified using the following grades, essen-
D5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of
tially governed by their minimal installation temperature:
4.2.1 Grade 1—For installation at ambient temperatures of
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
5 °C (40 °F) and above.
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
4.2.2 Grade 2—For installation at ambient temperatures of
branes.
-25 °C (-13 °F) and above.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2643 – 04. DOI:
5. Materials and Manufacture
10.1520/D2643-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 The prefabricated bituminous geomembranes shall con-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
sistofageotextile,impregnatedandcoatedwithbitumen.They
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shall be packaged in the form of rolls.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2643−08
TABLE 1 Requirements for Bituminous Geomembranes Used as Exposed Lining for Canals and Ditches
Property Standard Type I Type II Type III
Thickness, min D5199 3.3 mm 3.8 mm 4.5 mm
(0.130 in.) (0.150 in.) (0.175 in.)
2 2 2
Mass per Unit Area, min D5261 3.5 kg/m 4.0 kg/m 5.0 kg/m
2 2 2
(0.72 lb/ft ) (0.82 lb/ft ) (1.02 lb/ft )
Tensile Strength at break, D7275 8 kN/m 12 kN/m 16 kN/m
machine and cross-machine directions, min (45.7 lbf/in.) (68.5 lbf/in.) (91.4 lbf/in.)
Elongation at break, D7275 50 % 50 % 50 %
machine and cross-machine directions, min
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2643–04 Designation: D 2643 – 08
Standard Specification for
Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch
Liner (Exposed Type)Prefabricated Bituminous
Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed
1
Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2643; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This specification covers prefabricated asphalt liner sheets intended for installation in accordance with Practice D3745 to
provide a continuous, exposed lining for reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches.
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed lining for
canals and ditches.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D994Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous Type) 1204 Test Method for Linear
Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosyn-
thetics for Testing
D2172Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving Mixtures 4439 Terminology for
Geosynthetics
D3745Practice for Installation of PrefabricatedAsphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (ExposedType) 4798 Practice
for Accelerated Weathering Test Conditions and Procedures for Bituminous Materials (Xenon-Arc Method)
D 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
D 5147 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material
D 5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
D 5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles
D 5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
D 6455 Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM)
D 7275 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
E154Test Methods forWaterVapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, onWalls, and as Ground Cover
96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology D1079 for definitions of terms used in this specification. — For definitions of terms
related to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D 4439.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane, n—a material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of a geotextile
saturated and coated with an oxidized or an elastomeric modified bitumen blend incorporating a filler.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved Sept.Dec. 1, 2004.2008. Published September 2004.January 2009. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
D2643–98.D 2643 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2643–08
3.2.2 mineral stabilizer, n—a fine, water-insoluble inorganic material, used as a filler material in the bitumen of a prefabricated
bituminous geomembrane.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 selvage, n—the edge portion of a prefabricated bituminous geomembrane that is parallel to the machine direction.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1The liner sheets shall consist of layers of aspha
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2643–04 Designation: D 2643 – 08
Standard Specification for
Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch
Liner (Exposed Type)Prefabricated Bituminous
Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed
1
Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2643; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This specification covers prefabricated asphalt liner sheets intended for installation in accordance with Practice D3745 to
provide a continuous, exposed lining for reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches.
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed lining for
canals and ditches.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D994Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous Type) 1204 Test Method for Linear
Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosyn-
thetics for Testing
D2172Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving Mixtures 4439 Terminology for
Geosynthetics
D3745Practice for Installation of PrefabricatedAsphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (ExposedType) 4798 Practice
for Accelerated Weathering Test Conditions and Procedures for Bituminous Materials (Xenon-Arc Method)
D 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
D 5147 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material
D 5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
D 5261 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles
D 5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
D 6455 Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM)
D 7275 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
E154Test Methods forWaterVapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, onWalls, and as Ground Cover
96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology D1079 for definitions of terms used in this specification. — For definitions of terms
related to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D 4439.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane, n—a material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of a geotextile
saturated and coated with an oxidized or an elastomeric modified bitumen blend incorporating a filler.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved Sept.Dec. 1, 2004.2008. Published September 2004.January 2009. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
D2643–98.D 2643 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2643–08
3.2.2 mineral stabilizer, n—a fine, water-insoluble inorganic material, used as a filler material in the bitumen of a prefabricated
bituminous geomembrane.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 selvage, n—the edge portion of a prefabricated bituminous geomembrane that is parallel to the machine direction.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1The liner sheets shall consist of layers of aspha
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D4437/D4437M-16(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock, and the large number of seam methods and types used in joining these geomembrane sheets, has created a need for standard tests by which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be nondestructively evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need.  
3.2 The geomembrane sheet material shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product. The sheet material (reinforced or nonreinforced) shall be capable of being bonded to itself by one of the methods described in 1.2, in accordance with the sheet manufacturer's recommendations and instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use as a summary of nondestructive quality control test methods for determining the integrity of seams used in the joining of flexible sheet materials in a geotechnical application. This practice outlines the test procedures available for determining the quality of bonded seams. Any one or combination of the test methods outlined in this practice can be incorporated into a project specification for quality control. These test methods are applicable to manufactured flexible polymeric membrane linings that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced. This practice is not applicable to destructive testing. For destructive test methods, look at other ASTM standards and practices.  
1.2 The types of seams covered by this practice include the following: thermally bonded seams, hot air, hot wedge (or knife), extrusion, solvent-bonded seams, bodied solvent-bonded seams, adhesive-bonded or cemented seams, taped seams, and waterproofed sewn seams.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6392-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Nonreinforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soil and rock has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of geomembrane seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. In the case of geomembranes, it has become evident that geomembrane seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain conditions. Although this is an index-type test method used for quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also intended to provide the quality assurance engineer with sufficient seam peel and shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording and reporting data, such as separation that occurs during the peel test and elongation during the shear test, will allow the quality assurance engineer to take measures necessary to ensure the repair of inferior seams during facility construction, and therefore, minimize the potential for seam separation in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control and quality assurance tests used to determine the integrity of geomembrane seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method presents the procedures used for determining the quality of nonbituminous bonded seams subjected to both peel and shear tests. These test procedures are intended for nonreinforced geomembranes only.  
1.2 The types of thermal field seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air or gas between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge (or Knife)—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, or both, to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual bond tracks separated by a nonbonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include the following:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Very flexible polyethylene (VFPE).  
1.3.4 Linear medium-density polyethylene (LMDPE).  
1.3.5 High-density polyethylene (HDPE).  
1.3.6 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.7 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).
Note 1: The polyethylene identifiers presented in 1.3.1 – 1.3.5 describe the types of materials typically tested using this test method. These are industry-accepted trade descriptions and are not technical material classifications based upon material density.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8265-23(Practice)
Standard Practices for Electrical Methods for Mapping Leaks in Installed Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as impermeable barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containment facilities. The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.3 The most significant causes of leaks in geomembranes that are covered with only water are related to construction activities, including pumps and equipment placed on the geomembrane, accidental punctures, and punctures caused by traffic over rocks or debris on the geomembrane or in the subgrade.  
4.4 The most significant cause of leaks in geomembranes covered with earthen materials is construction damage caused by machinery that occurs while placing the earthen material on the geomembrane. Such damage also can breach additional layers of the lining system such as geosynthetic clay liners.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are used to detect and locate leaks for repair. These practices can achieve a zero-leak condition at the conclusion of the survey(s). If any of the requirements for survey area preparation and testing procedures is not adhered to, then leaks could remain in the geomembrane after the survey. Not all of the survey area requirements are possible to achieve at some sites, but the closer the site can come to the ideal condition, the more successful the method will be.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with liquid or earthen materials, or both.  
1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak location surveys are performed to the highest technical capability of electrical methods, which should result in complete liquid containment (no leaks in geomembrane).  
1.3 Not all sites will be easily amenable to this method, but some preparation can be performed in order to enable this method at nearly any site as outlined in Section 6. If ideal testing conditions cannot be achieved, the method can still be performed, but any issues with site conditions are documented.  
1.4 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other sufficiently electrically insulating materials.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures should be taken to protect the leak location operators, as well as other people at the site. A current limiter of no greater than 290 mA should be used for all direct current power sources used to conduct the survey.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides...

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6636-01(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Ply Adhesion Strength of Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is an index test and measures the force required to separate individual plies of a reinforced geomembrane. The acceptable value of adhesion will vary for different types of products. However, for a particular type of product, minimum values of ply adhesion can be determined and agreed to by producer and consumer, and both can monitor to ensure compliance with the agreed-upon value.  
5.2 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of this difference. At a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are from the same lot of material as those type in question and which are as homogeneous as possible. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a difference is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known difference.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the adhesion strength (180° peel) between plies of reinforced geomembranes such as internally reinforced geomembranes and coated fabrics.  
1.2 This test method is not intended for determining the strength of geomembrane seams or for determining the ply adhesion strength of geocomposite components (such as nonwoven geotextile bonded to geomembrane, or geotextile bonded to drainage core).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6496/D6496M-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate the quality of the bonding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners

ABSTRACT
This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications and is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing of GCL materials. It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests and/or at other frequencies than required in this standard guide. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over this standard guide. Different properties such as clay mass per unit area, swell index, fluid loss, grab tensile strength, tensile strength, density and thickness of geomembrane support, and bonding peel strength shall be determined by subjecting the material to different test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications.  
1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers, and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This is intended to ensure that the supplied GCL rolls meet accepted material specifications.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6141-18(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended as a starting place for those wishing to investigate the chemical compatibility of the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner to test liquids. Within the scope of this guide, the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner that is chemically compatible with a test liquid may be expected to maintain its swelling characteristics. Conversely, the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner that is incompatible with a test liquid may be expected not to maintain its swelling characteristics. In instances where the compatibility of the clay portion of a GCL is questionable, additional hydraulic testing under the expected site conditions may be warranted.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures and test methods that can be used in the evaluation of the ability of the clay portion of a geosynthetic clay liner to resist change due to exposure to liquids. These liquids may come from a site, or be generated in a laboratory from a site-specific soil.  
1.2 The scope of this guide is limited to short-term screening and is not intended to replace evaluation procedures that measure a performance property such as EPA 9100, Test Method D6766, or other suitable ASTM standards as they become available. This guide does not address potential adverse effects of wet-dry cycling.  
1.3 This guide applies to the clay component of a GCL. The swell index and fluid loss tests referenced in Section 8 may not be applicable to clay with polymer or other chemical treatment. However, the flux tests referenced in Section 9 are applicable to clay with polymer or other chemical treatment. It is acknowledged that some use the swell index or fluid loss procedure, or both, on clay with polymer or other chemical treatment. However, such use of the standard would be considered a modification of the procedure and must be reported as such. The synthetic carrier components are covered independently as described in Practice D5322.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7703-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Electrical Leak Location on Exposed Geomembranes Using the Water Lance Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose.  
4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both.  
4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks. They do not verify material or seam integrity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a performance-based standard for an electrical method for locating leaks in exposed geomembranes. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.6).  
1.2 This practice can be used for geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, canals, and other containment facilities. It is applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous geomembrane, and any other electrically insulating materials. This practice is best applicable for locating geomembrane leaks where the proper preparations have been made during the construction of the facility.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2643/D2643M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers prefabricated asphalt liner sheets intended for installation to provide a continuous, exposed lining for reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches. The liner sheets shall consist of layers of asphalt mastic between asphalt-saturated felts, mats, or fabrics, and shall be coated on both sides and covered with a material to prevent the finished sheets from sticking together during storage and shipment. The coating shall be a hot-applied asphalt material permitted to be compounded with a mineral stabilizer. Thickness of asphalt coating, water absorption, mass percent of asphalt, resistance to decay, flexibility, brittleness, and heat dissipation tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed lining for canals and ditches.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6638-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Connection Strength Between Geosynthetic Reinforcement and Segmental Concrete Units (Modular Concrete Blocks)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The connection strength between geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units is used in design of reinforced soil retaining walls.  
5.2 This test is used to determine the connection strength for the design of the connection system formed by segmental concrete block units and geosynthetic reinforcement layers in reinforced soil retaining walls. Performing a series of these connection tests at varying normal loads permits development of a relationship between connection strength and normal load. This relationship may be linear, bilinear, or some other complex mathematical expression.  
5.3 This connection strength test is meant to be a performance test (laboratory or field); therefore, it should be conducted using full-scale system components. The conditions for the test are selected by the user and are not for routine testing.  
5.4 As a performance test on full-scale system components, it accounts for some of the variables in construction procedures and materials tolerance normally present for these types of retaining wall systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the connection properties between a layer of geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units used in construction of reinforced soil retaining walls. The test is carried out under conditions determined by the user that reproduce the connection system at full scale. The results of a series of tests are used to define a relationship between connection strength for a segmental unit-geosynthetic connection system and normal load.  
1.2 This is a performance test used to determine properties for design of retaining wall systems utilizing segmental concrete units and soil reinforcing geosynthetics, either geotextiles or geogrids. The test is performed on a full-scale construction of the connection and may be run in a laboratory or the field.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off