ASTM C1217-00(2020)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Design of Equipment for Processing Nuclear and Radioactive Materials
Standard Guide for Design of Equipment for Processing Nuclear and Radioactive Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Equipment operability and long-term integrity are concerns that originate during the design and fabrication sequences. Such concerns can only be addressed or are most efficiently addressed during one or the other of these stages. Equipment operability and integrity can be compromised during handling and installation sequences. For this reason, the subject equipment should be handled and installed under closely controlled and supervised conditions.
4.2 This guide is intended as a supplement to other standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for this use.
4.3 This guide is intended to be generic and to apply to a wide range of equipment types and configurations.
4.4 The term equipment is used herein in a generic sense. See 3.2.6 for the definition.
4.5 This service imposes stringent requirements on the quality and the integrity of the equipment, as follows:
4.5.1 Leak tightness is required. This implies containment of liquids at all times, and retention of vapors and gases by means of vessel design, or through means of engineered provisions or operational procedures, or both, that ensure the retention, collection, and treatment of vapors and off-gases when the vessel cannot be fabricated or operated with an air-tight vessel configuration. Radioactive materials must be contained.
4.5.2 Equipment must be capable of withstanding rigorous chemical cleaning and decontamination procedures.
4.5.3 Equipment must be designed and fabricated to remain dimensionally stable throughout its life cycle.
4.5.4 Close fabrication tolerances are required to set nozzles and other datum points in known positions.
4.5.5 Fabrication materials must be resistant to radiation damage, or materials subject to such damage must be shielded or placed so as to be readily replaceable.
4.5.6 Smooth surface finishes are required. Irregularities that hide and retain radioactive particulates or oth...
SCOPE
1.1 Intent:
1.1.1 This guide covers equipment used in shielded cell or canyon facilities for the processing of nuclear and radioactive materials. It is the intent of this guide to set down the conditions and practices that have been found necessary to ensure against or to minimize the failures and outages of equipment used under the subject circumstances.
1.1.2 It is intended that this guide record the principles and caveats that experience has shown to be essential to the design, fabrication, and installation of equipment capable of meeting the stringent demands of operating, dependably and safely, in a nuclear processing environment that operators can neither see nor reach directly.
1.1.3 This guide sets forth generalized criteria and guidelines for the design, fabrication, and installation of equipment used in this service. This service includes the processing of radioactive wastes. Equipment is placed behind radiation shield walls and cannot be directly accessed by the operators or by maintenance personnel because of the radiation exposure hazards. In the type of shielded cell or canyon facility of interest to users of this guide, either the background radiation level remains high at all times or it is impractical to remove the process sources of radiation to facilitate in situ repairs or carry out maintenance procedures on equipment. The equipment is operated remotely, either with or without visual access to the equipment.
1.2 Applicability:
1.2.1 This guide is intended to be applicable to equipment used under one or more of the following conditions:
1.2.1.1 The materials handled or processed constitute a significant radiation hazard to man or to the environment.
1.2.1.2 The equipment will generally be used over a long-term life cycle (for example, in excess of two years), but equipment intended for use over a shorter life cycle is not excluded.
1.2.1.3 The material handled or processed must ...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1217 − 00 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Design of Equipment for Processing Nuclear and
Radioactive Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.2.1.3 The material handled or processed must be retained,
contained, and confined within known bounds for reasons of
1.1 Intent:
accountability or to minimize the spread of radioactive con-
1.1.1 This guide covers equipment used in shielded cell or
tamination.
canyon facilities for the processing of nuclear and radioactive
1.2.1.4 Thematerialshandledorprocessedmustbekeptand
materials. It is the intent of this guide to set down the
maintained within one or more of the following conditions:
conditions and practices that have been found necessary to
(1)In a specific geometric array or configuration, and
ensure against or to minimize the failures and outages of
(2)Withinarangeofconditionsthathavebeendetermined
equipment used under the subject circumstances.
to be a critically safe set of conditions for that piece of
1.1.2 It is intended that this guide record the principles and
equipment, that is:
caveatsthatexperiencehasshowntobeessentialtothedesign,
(a)In a given and specified operational position where
fabrication, and installation of equipment capable of meeting
adjacent nuclear criticality interaction conditions are known
the stringent demands of operating, dependably and safely, in
and unchanging,
anuclearprocessingenvironmentthatoperatorscanneithersee
(b)For a given and specified set or range of operating
nor reach directly.
conditions, and
1.1.3 This guide sets forth generalized criteria and guide-
(c)For a given and specified process.
lines for the design, fabrication, and installation of equipment
1.2.1.5 The equipment can neither be accessed directly for
used in this service. This service includes the processing of
purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment
radioactive wastes. Equipment is placed behind radiation
be viewed directly, for example, without intervening shielded
shieldwallsandcannotbedirectlyaccessedbytheoperatorsor
viewing windows, periscopes, or a television monitoring sys-
by maintenance personnel because of the radiation exposure
tem.
hazards. In the type of shielded cell or canyon facility of
interest to users of this guide, either the background radiation 1.2.2 Thisguideisintendedtobeapplicabletothedesignof
levelremainshighatalltimesoritisimpracticaltoremovethe equipment for the processing of materials containing uranium
process sources of radiation to facilitate in situ repairs or carry and transuranium elements in any physical form under the
out maintenance procedures on equipment. The equipment is following conditions:
operated remotely, either with or without visual access to the
1.2.2.1 Such materials constitute an unacceptable radiation
equipment.
hazard to the operators and maintenance personnel,
1.2.2.2 Theneedexistsfortheconfinementofthein-process
1.2 Applicability:
material, of dusts and particulates, or of vapors and gases
1.2.1 This guide is intended to be applicable to equipment
arising or resulting from the handling and processing of such
used under one or more of the following conditions:
materials, and
1.2.1.1 The materials handled or processed constitute a
1.2.2.3 Any of the conditions cited in 1.2.1 apply.
significant radiation hazard to man or to the environment.
1.2.1.2 The equipment will generally be used over a long-
1.2.3 This guide is intended to apply to the design,
term life cycle (for example, in excess of two years), but fabrication, and installation of ancillary and support services
equipment intended for use over a shorter life cycle is not equipment under the following conditions:
excluded.
1.2.3.1 Such equipment is installed in shielded cell or
canyon environments, or
1.2.3.2 Such equipment is an integral part of an in-cell
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.09 on Nuclear
processingequipmentconfiguration,oranauxiliarycomponent
Processing.
or system thereof, even though an equipment item or system
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved
may not directly hold or contain nuclear or radioactive mate-
in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1217 – 00 (2012). DOI:
10.1520/C1217-00R20. rials under normal processing conditions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1217 − 00 (2020)
NOTE 1—Upsets, accidents, or certain emergency conditions may be
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
specified (and thus required) design considerations, but not necessarily
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
acceptable or normal operating circumstances under this definition.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2.4 This guide is intended to apply to the design and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fabrication of any and all types of equipment for radioactive
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
wastes processing when any of the conditions cited in 1.2.1
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
apply. This would include equipment for waste concentration;
for incorporation of wastes in selected host materials or 2. Referenced Documents
matrices;andforthefixation,encapsulation,orcanningofsuch
2.1 Industry and National Consensus Standards—
wastes. It is intended to apply to all such wastes, regardless of
Nationally recognized industry and consensus standards appli-
the product waste composition or form. The product radioac-
cable in whole or in part to the design, fabrication, and
tive waste may have a glass, ceramic, metallic, concrete,
installation of equipment are referenced throughout this guide
bituminous, or other type of host material or matrices
and include the following:
(composition), and may be in pelletized, solid, or granular
2.2 ASTM Standards:
form.
C859Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
1.3 User Caveats:
D5144Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards in
1.3.1 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety
Nuclear Power Plants
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility 3
2.3 ANSI Standards:
of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and
ANS GlossaryofTermsinNuclearScienceandTechnology
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
(ANS Glossary)
limitations prior to use.
ANSI/ANS8.1NuclearCriticalitySafetyinOperationswith
1.3.2 (Warning—This guide pertains to equipment used in
Fissile Materials Outside Reactors
and for the handling and processing of nuclear and radioactive
ANSI A14.3Ladders, Fixed Safety Requirements
materials. These operations are known to be hazardous for a 4
2.4 ASME Standards:
variety of reasons, one being chemical toxicity.)
Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection VIII
1.3.3 This guide is not a substitute for applied engineering
ASME NQA1QualityAssurance Requirements for Nuclear
skills. Its purpose is to provide guidance.
Facility Applications
1.3.3.1 The guidance set forth in this guide relating to
ASME NOG-1Rules for Construction of Overhead Gantry
design of equipment is intended only to alert designers and
Cranes (Top-Running Bridge, Multiple Girder)
engineers to those features, conditions, and procedures that 5
2.5 Federal Regulations:
have been found necessary or highly desirable to the acquisi-
10CFR50,Appendix B, Quality Assurance
tion of reliable equipment for the subject service conditions.
29CFR1910Occupational Safety and Health Standards
1.3.3.2 The guidance set forth results from discoveries of
2.6 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
conditions, practices, features, or lack of features that were
Standard:
found to be sources of operational or maintenance trouble, or
NEMA250Enclosures for Electrical Equipment 1000 Volts
causes of failure.
Maximum (Type 4)
1.3.4 It is often necessary to maintain the materials being
2.7 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard:
processed within specific chemical composition or concentra-
NFPA 70National Electric Code
tion ranges, or both. When such constraints apply, it may also
be necessary to create and maintain a specific geometric array
3. Terminology
to minimize the chances of a nuclear criticality incident.
3.1 Definitions:
Designers and engineers are referred to other standards for
3.1.1 The terminology employed in this guide conforms
additional guidance when such requirements apply.
with industry practice insofar as practicable.
1.3.5 Equipment usage intent, service conditions, size and
configuration, plus the configuration and features of the oper-
ating and maintenance environments have an influence on
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
equipment design.Therefore, not all of the criteria, conditions,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
caveats, or features would be applicable to every equipment
the ASTM website.
item.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
1.3.6 It is intended that equipment designed, fabricated,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
procured, or obtained by transfer or adaptation and re-use of Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
existingequipment,andinstalledinaccordancewiththisguide
www.asme.org.
meet or exceed statutory, regulatory, and safety requirements
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
for that equipment under the applicable operating and service
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
conditions.
Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300
1.3.7 This guide does not supersede federal or state
N. 17th St., Suite 900, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.nema.org.
regulations, or both, and codes applicable to equipment under
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
any conditions. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
C1217 − 00 (2020)
3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to sponsibilities and rights (or specified portions thereof) by way
Terminology C859 and ANS Glossary. of contractual arrangement(s) with the legal owner of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: facilities.
3.2.1 The terms defined below are of a restricted nature,
specifically applicable to this guide. 4. Significance and Use
3.2.2 accident—an unplanned event that could result in
4.1 Equipment operability and long-term integrity are con-
unacceptable levels of any of the following: (1) equipment
cerns that originate during the design and fabrication se-
damage, (2) injury to personnel, (3) downtime or outage, (4)
quences. Such concerns can only be addressed or are most
releaseofhazardousmaterials(radioactiveornon-radioactive),
efficiently addressed during one or the other of these stages.
(5) radiation exposure to personnel, or (6) criticality.
Equipment operability and integrity can be compromised
3.2.3 accountability—the keeping of detailed records on,
duringhandlingandinstallationsequences.Forthisreason,the
and the responsibility, on the part of operations personnel and
subject equipment should be handled and installed under
plant management, of being accountable for the amounts of
closely controlled and supervised conditions.
specialnuclearmaterialsenteringandleavingaplant,avessel,
4.2 This guide is intended as a supplement to other
or a defined processing step.
standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and
3.2.4 datum connection points—those locations on equip-
criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for this
mentwhereseparateauxiliaryequipmentitemssuchaspumps,
use.
agitators,columns,condensers,andotherseparatelyremovable
4.3 This guide is intended to be generic and to apply to a
equipment pieces are mounted, or where process, service,
wide range of equipment types and configurations.
instrumentation, or electrical jumper connections are made.
4.4 The term equipment is used herein in a generic sense.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—These datum connection points are po-
See 3.2.6 for the definition.
sitioned by dimensioning from (theoretically) perfectly placed
base X, Y, and Z datum planes; for example, such points or
4.5 This service imposes stringent requirements on the
locations are dimensionally located by three-plane coordinate
quality and the integrity of the equipment, as follows:
dimensions. Datum connection points are the loci of position-
4.5.1 Leak tightness is required. This implies containment
ing elements such as dowels, trunnions, trunnion guides, and
of liquids at all times, and retention of vapors and gases by
such other devices or elements that serve to align, position, or
means of vessel design, or through means of engineered
locate equipment in a precise position or array, or which serve
provisions or operational procedures, or both, that ensure the
as a point for the connection or placement of other compo-
retention, collection, and treatment of vapors and off-gases
nents.
when the vessel cannot be fabricated or operated with an
3.2.5 engineering responsibility—an obligation to perform air-tight vessel configuration. Radioactive materials must be
engineering design activities assigned to a specified organiza- contained.
tion.
4.5.2 Equipment must be capable of withstanding rigorous
chemical cleaning and decontamination procedures.
3.2.6 geometrically favorable—equipment having set
4.5.3 Equipment must be designed and fabricated to remain
dimensions, and a shape or a layout configuration, that pro-
dimensionally stable throughout its life cycle.
vides assurance that a criticality incident cannot occur in the
4.5.4 Closefabricationtolerancesarerequiredtosetnozzles
equipment or system under a given set of circumstances or
and other datum points in known positions.
conditions.
4.5.5 Fabrication materials must be resistant
...
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