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ASTM D7535-09e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Lead-210 in Water

Standard Test Method for Lead-210 in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to measure the concentration of 210Pb in nonprocess water samples. This test method may be used to determine the concentration of  210Pb in environmental samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioactive 210Pb in environmental water samples (for example, drinking, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 37 mBq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 500 mL and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 9.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2009
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.04 - Methods of Radiochemical Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7535-09 - Standard Test Method for Lead-210 in Water
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D7535-09(2015) - Standard Test Method for Lead-210 in Water
Effective Date
01-Jan-2015

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ASTM D7535-09e1 - Standard Test Method for Lead-210 in Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D7535 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Lead-210 in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report footnote to Section 15 editorially in June 2013.
1. Scope of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioac-
210 Determine the Precision of a Test Method
tive Pb in environmental water samples (for example,
drinking, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 37
3. Terminology
mBq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This method has been used successfully with tap water.
4.1 This test method is based on the utilization of solid
It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test
phase extraction of lead from water samples with detection of
method for samples larger than 500 mL and for waters of
theradioactiveleadbybetagasflowproportionalcounting.An
untested matrices.
aliquotofthesampleismeasuredintoabeaker;ironcarrierand
lead carrier are added. Lead is scavenged by an iron hydroxide
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
precipitation. Lead is then selectively sorbed on a solid phase
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
extraction column and eluted with water. Lead is precipitated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
asleadsulfateandiscollectedonafilterpaper.Theleadsulfate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
precipitate is covered with aluminum foil and held for 5 days
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
210
or longer for Bi ingrowth. It is then counted for beta
hazards statements, see Section 9.
radiation on a gas flow proportional counter.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This test method was developed to measure the concen-
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
210
tration of Pb in nonprocess water samples.This test method
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
210
may be used to determine the concentration of Pb in
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
environmental samples.
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
6. Interferences
D4448GuideforSamplingGround-WaterMonitoringWells
6.1 Significant amounts of stable lead (>0.3 mg/L) present
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
in the sample will interfere with the chemical yield
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
determination, leading to positive bias in the yield. If it is
D6001Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for
known or suspected that natural lead is present in the sample,
Environmental Site Characterization
blanksamplealiquotstowhichnoleadcarriercontentisadded
D7282Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
should be analyzed. The amount of natural lead contained in
the sample shall be used to correct the yield.
1
210
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
6.2 In most cases measurable amounts of Pb will be
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
present in the Pb carrier used in Section 12.1. This additional
cal Analysis.
contribution to the measured sample activity must be deter-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
D7535-09E01.
mined and treated as additional background activity. For each
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 210
new carrier solution, the inherent Pb in the carrier must be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
measured. A brief description of this additional background
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. calibration is given in Section 11.2.Accurate determination of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7535 − 09
thecombinedstandarduncertaintyandtheminimumdetectable reagents may be considered to be a component of background
concentration should include this additional activity in the and ap
...

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ASTM D5615-23(Practice)
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5.1 Home reverse osmosis devices are typically used to remove salts and other impurities from drinking water at the point of use. They are usually operated at tap water line pressure, with water containing up to several hundred milligrams per litre of total dissolved solids. This practice permits measurement of the performance of home reverse osmosis devices using a standard set of conditions and is intended for short-term testing (less than 24 h). This practice can be used to determine changes that may have occurred in the operating characteristics of home reverse osmosis devices during use, but it is not intended to be used for system design. This practice does not necessarily determine the device’s performance when solutes other than sodium chloride are present. Use Practice D4516 and Test Methods D4194 to standardize actual field data to a standard set of conditions.  
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5.1 A rapid and routine procedure for determining biomass of the living microorganisms in cultures, waters, wastewaters, and in plankton and periphyton samples taken from surface waters is frequently of vital importance. However, classical techniques such as direct microscope counts, turbidity, organic chemical analyses, cell tagging, and plate counts are expensive, time-consuming, or tend to underestimate total numbers. In addition, some of these methods do not distinguish between living and nonliving cells.  
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1.3 This method does not remove all known chemical interferences, known to either luminesce in the 530 nm ± 20 nm range, or to quench light emitted in that range. It should not be used to determine ATP concentrations in samples with dissolved organic compounds, heavy metals or >10 000 ppm total dissolved solids. Alternative methods have been developed for determining ATP concentrations in fluids samples likely to contain such interferences (Test Methods D7687 and E2694).  
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ASTM D1291-17(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimation of Chlorine Demand of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chlorine is added to potable water, waste water, and industrial water for a variety of purposes. Some of these purposes are:  
5.1.1 To eliminate or reduce the growth of microorganisms in water,  
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5.1 This test method is useful for the analysis of total uranium in water following wet-ashing, as required, due to impurities or suspended materials in the water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total uranium, by mass concentration, in water within the calibrated range of the instrument, 0.1 μg/L or greater. Samples with uranium mass concentrations above the laser phosphorimeter dynamic range are diluted to bring the concentration to a measurable level.  
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5.3 This test method has been investigated for use with reagent, surface, and drinking water for the selected rodenticides.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of bromadiolone, brodifacoum, diphacinone and warfarin (referred to collectively as rodenticides in this test method) in water by direct injection using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this test method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
1.2 The Detection Verification Level (DVL) and Reporting Range for the rodenticides are listed in Table 1.  
1.2.1 The DVL is required to be at a concentration at least 3 times below the Reporting Limit (RL) and have a signal/noise ratio greater than 3:1. Fig. 1 displays the signal/noise ratios of the primary single reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions, and Fig. 2 displays the confirmatory SRM transitions at the DVLs for the rodenticides.  
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5.1 This test method has been developed by U.S. EPA Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).  
5.2 The N-methyl carbamate (NMC) pesticides: aldicarb, carbofuran, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox have been identified by EPA as working through a common mechanism. These affect the nervous system by reducing the ability of enzymes. Enzyme inhibition was the primary toxicological effect of regulatory concern to EPA in assessing the NMC’s food, drinking water, and residential risks. In most of the country, NMC residues in drinking water sources are at levels that are not likely to contribute substantially to the multi-pathway cumulative exposure. Shallow private wells extending through highly permeable soils into shallow, acidic ground water represent what the EPA believes to be the most vulnerable drinking water. Aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide are breakdown products of aldicarb and should also be monitored due to their toxicological effects.4  
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1.2 The Detection Verification Level (DVL) and Reporting Range for the carbamates are listed in Table 1.    
1.2.1 The DVL is required to be at a concentration at least 3 times below the Reporting Limit (RL) and have a signal/noise ratio greater than 3:1. Fig. 1 displays the signal/noise ratios of the primary single reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions, and Fig. 2 displays the confirmatory SRM transitions at the DVLs for the carbamates.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Hardness in Colored and Colorless Water

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5.1 Hardness salts in water, notably calcium and magnesium, are the primary cause of tube and pipe scaling, which frequently causes failures and loss of process efficiency due to clogging or loss of heat transfer, or both.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hardness in water by titration with potentiometric detection via optical sensor. This test method is applicable to waters that are free of chemicals that will complex calcium or magnesium. The lower detection limit of this test method is approximately 2 mg/L to 5 mg/L as CaCO3; the upper limit can be extended to all concentrations by sample dilution. It is possible to differentiate between hardness due to calcium ions and that due to magnesium ions by this test method.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both colorless and colored water samples including groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and drinking water.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 NP and OP have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The source of NP and OP is prominently from the use of common commercial surfactants. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The ethoxylate chain is readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and, under anaerobic conditions, NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This method has been investigated and is applicable for environmental waters, including seawater.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), and octylphenol (OP), extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to single reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Select Pesticides in Water by Multiple Reaction Monitoring Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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5.1 Pesticides may be used in various agricultural and household products. These products may enter waterways at low levels through run-off or misuse near water resources. Hence, there is a need for quick, easy and robust method to determine pesticide concentration in water matrices for understanding the sources and concentration levels in affected areas.  
5.2 This method has been single-laboratory validated in reagent water and surface waters (Tables 12-14).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a method for analysis of selected pesticides in a water matrix by filtration followed with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The samples are prepared in 20 % methanol, filtered, and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method was developed for an agricultural run-off study, not for low level analysis of pesticides in drinking water. This method may be modified for lower level analysis. The analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
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1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.  
1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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