ASTM D7700-12

Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Geomembrane Seams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
There are a large number of geomembrane types and seaming techniques. This guide is intended to help practitioners select the appropriate seam test methods for their material.
Geomembranes are relatively impermeable planar materials sheets that are shipped either as rolls or folded panels. The panels may be seamed in a factory or in the field. This guide provides geomembrane users with the most appropriate seam evaluation techniques for the most common geomembrane materials available on the market.
Some type of geomembrane may not be listed and some seam evaluation techniques may offer a good performance with a given material although this may not be indicated on Table 1. Users that are aware of this situation are invited to contact ASTM to propose an update of this guide.
The relevance of a seaming technique within a particular engineering context is beyond the scope of this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use as a summary of test methods necessary to evaluate geomembrane seams. It is intended to guide geomembrane users toward the appropriate evaluation techniques to assess geomembrane seam quality.
1.2 Geomembrane seams covered by this guide are: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), flexible polypropylene (fPP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), prefabricated bituminous geomembranes (PBGM), Ethylene Interpolymer Alloy (EIA) and reinforced geomembranes
1.3 Although a significant effort has been made to gather all types of geomembranes and related evaluation techniques which were on the market at the date of completion of this document, some available materials and technologies may have been omitted. The information presented in this document shall thus be considered to be non exhaustive.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2011
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.10 - Geomembranes

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D7982-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Testing of Factory Thermo-Fusion Seams for Fabricated Geomembrane Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7700 − 12
StandardGuide for
Selecting Test Methods for Geomembrane Seams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of
Dual Seamed Geomembranes
1.1 This guide is intended for use as a summary of test
D6214 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Field
methods necessary to evaluate geomembrane seams. It is
Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Chemical
intended to guide geomembrane users toward the appropriate
Fusion Methods
evaluation techniques to assess geomembrane seam quality.
D6365 Practice for the Nondestructive Testing of Geomem-
1.2 Geomembrane seams covered by this guide are: high-
brane Seams using the Spark Test
density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene
D6392 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Nonre-
(LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), flexible
inforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo-
polypropylene (fPP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene pro-
Fusion Methods
pylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), prefabricated bituminous
D6747 Guide for Selection of Techniques for Electrical
geomembranes (PBGM), Ethylene Interpolymer Alloy (EIA)
Detection of Leaks in Geomembranes
and reinforced geomembranes
D7002 Practice for Leak Location on Exposed Geomem-
branes Using the Water Puddle System
1.3 Although a significant effort has been made to gather all
types of geomembranes and related evaluation techniques D7006 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Geomembranes
D7007 Practices for Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks
which were on the market at the date of completion of this
document, some available materials and technologies may in Geomembranes Covered with Water or Earth Materials
D7056 Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear
havebeenomitted.Theinformationpresentedinthisdocument
shall thus be considered to be non exhaustive. Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane
Seams
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D7177 Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed Geomembranes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D7272 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Used in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Taped Methods
D7408 Specification for Non Reinforced PVC (Polyvinyl
2. Referenced Documents
Chloride) Geomembrane Seams
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
3. Terminology
D4437 Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for De-
3.1 Definitions:
termining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible
3.1.1 destructive technique, n—a method of seam testing
Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
requiring that a sample be removed from the fabricated or
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
installed geomembrane for further evaluation.
D5641 Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by
3.1.2 nondestructive technique, n—amethodofseamtesting
Vacuum Chamber
which does not compromise the geomembrane’s ability to
function as intended.
3.2 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms, refer to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
Terminology D4439.
branes.
3.3 Acronyms:
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/
D7700–12
EPDM—Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fPP—Flexible polypropylene
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
HDPE—High-density polyethylene
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. LLDPE—Linear low-density polyethylene
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7700 − 12
PVC—Polyvinyl chloride Users that are aware of this situation are invited to contact
VLDPE—Very low-density polyethylene ASTM to propose an update of this guide.
4.4 Therelevanceofaseamingtechniquewithinaparticular
4. Significance and Use
engineering context is beyond the scope of this guide.
4.1 There are a large number of geomembrane types and
seaming techniques. This guide is intended to help practitio-
5. Geomembrane Seam Evaluation Techniques
ners select the appropriate seam test methods for their material.
5.1 Geomembrane seam evaluation techniques can be either
4.2 Geomembranes are relatively impermeable planar ma-
destructive or non destructive. The destructive techniques
terials she
...