ASTM C1193-16(2023)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines for consideration by the designer or applicator of a joint seal. It explains the properties and functions of various materials, such as sealant, sealant backing, and primer, among others; and, procedures such as, substrate cleaning and priming, and installation of the components of a sealed joint. It presents guidelines for the use and application of the various materials, design of a sealant joint for a specific application, and environmental conditions and effects that are known to detrimentally affect a sealant joint. The information and guidelines are also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealant industry and for those that install sealants and accessory materials associated with sealant use.
4.2 In addition to the design and installation data in this guide, consult the sealant manufacturer about applications for its products and their proper use and installation. Considering the range of properties of commercially available sealants, the variety of joint designs possible, and the many conditions of use, the information contained herein is general in nature.
4.3 It should be realized that a sealant and sealant joint are expected to have a design life during which they remain functional. However, a sealant and sealant joint will also have a service life. The intent is for service life to meet or exceed design life. There are many factors that can affect service life including type of sealant polymer, sealant formulation, compatibility with adjacent materials, installation techniques or deficiencies, sealant joint design (or lack thereof), proper maintenance (or lack thereof), and environmental exposure, among others. The designer of a joint seal should take the above into consideration when designing and specifying sealants for certain applications.
4.4 The design life of a sealant or sealant joint should be considered in conjunction with the design life of the structure for which it is us...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-applied sealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints on buildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, decks, and pavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of construction other than highways and airfield pavements and bridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to a single and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealant and secondarily to a precured sealant when used with a properly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.
1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described by this guide should meet the requirements of Specification C834, C920, or C1311.
1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelines for the use of a sealant in a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C1401 should be consulted for this information. Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelines for the use of a sealant in an insulating glass unit edge seal used in a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C1249 should be consulted for this information.
1.4 Practice C919 should be consulted for information and guidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where an acoustic joint seal is required.
1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative to the numerous types of sealant that are available nor specific generic sealant properties, such as hardness, tack-free time, or curing process, among others.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are provided for information only.
1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and e...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1193 − 16 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Guide for
Use of Joint Sealants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-applied
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sealant for joint sealing applications. Including joints on
1.9 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not
buildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, decks, and
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga-
pavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of
nizations.
construction other than highways and airfield pavements and
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
bridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
single and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealant
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and secondarily to a precured sealant when used with a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
properly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 An elastomeric or non-elastomeric sealant described by
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
this guide should meet the requirements of Specification C834,
C920, or C1311.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This guide does not provide information or guidelines
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for the use of a sealant in a structural sealant glazing applica-
C510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change of Single-
tion. Guide C1401 should be consulted for this information.
or Multicomponent Joint Sealants
Additionally, it also does not provide information or guidelines
C603 Test Method for Extrusion Rate and Application Life
for the use of a sealant in an insulating glass unit edge seal used
of Elastomeric Sealants
in a structural sealant glazing application. Guide C1249 should
C661 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Elastomeric-
be consulted for this information.
Type Sealants by Means of a Durometer
1.4 Practice C919 should be consulted for information and
C711 Test Method for Low-Temperature Flexibility and
guidelines for the use of a sealant in an application where an
Tenacity of One-Part, Elastomeric, Solvent-Release Type
acoustic joint seal is required.
Sealants
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
1.5 This guide also does not provide information relative to
C719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-
the numerous types of sealant that are available nor specific
meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman
generic sealant properties, such as hardness, tack-free time, or
Cycle)
curing process, among others.
C731 Test Method for Extrudability, After Package Aging,
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
of Latex Sealants
standard. The values given in parenthesis are provided for
C732 Test Method for Aging Effects of Artificial Weathering
information only.
on Latex Sealants
1.7 The Committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not
C734 Test Method for Low-Temperature Flexibility of Latex
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga-
Sealants After Artificial Weathering
nizations.
C792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on Weight Loss,
Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric Sealants
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C793 Test Method for Effects of Laboratory Accelerated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Weathering on Elastomeric Joint Sealants
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building
Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on
Specifications, Guides and Practices. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1193 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1193-16R23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1193 − 16 (2023)
C794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint D2453 Test Method for Shrinkage and Tenacity of Oil- and
Sealants Resin-Base Caulking Compounds
E2114 Terminology for Sustainability
C834 Specification for Latex Sealants
C919 Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applications
3. Terminology
C920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology C717 for definitions
C1083 Test Method for Water Absorption of Cellular Elas-
of the following terms used in this guide: adhesive failure,
tomeric Gaskets and Sealing Materials
bicellular sealant backing, blooming, bond-breaker, bridge
C1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility of
sealant joint, butt sealant joint, cell, cellular material, chalk,
Liquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-
chalking, chemically curing sealant, closed cell, closed cell
tural Glazing Systems
material, closed cell sealant backing, cohesive failure,
C1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Prop-
compatibility, compatible materials, compound, control joint,
erties of Structural Sealants
creep, cure, cured, dirt pick-up, durability, durability limit,
C1184 Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants
elastomeric, elongation, expansion joint, fillet sealant joint,
C1216 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of One-Part
gasket, hydrostatic pressure, isolation joint, fluid migration,
Elastomeric Solvent Release Sealants
joint filler, laitance, latex sealant, modulus, non-sag sealant,
C1241 Test Method for Volume Shrinkage of Latex Sealants
open cell, open cell material, open cell outgassing, premature
During Cure
deterioration, primer, reversion, rundown, seal, sealant, sealant
C1247 Test Method for Durability of Sealants Exposed to
backing, self-leveling sealant, service life, shelf-life, shrinkage,
Continuous Immersion in Liquids
silicone sealant, skin, solvent release sealant, structural sealant,
C1248 Test Method for Staining of Porous Substrate by Joint
substrate, tooling, tooling time, weathertight, working life (pot
Sealants
life).
C1249 Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed Insulating Glass
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Units for Structural Sealant Glazing Applications
3.2.1 precured sealant, n—a preformed, factory cured, elas-
C1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten-
tomeric material.
tial of Sealant Backing
C1257 Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solvent- 4. Significance and Use
Release-Type Sealants
4.1 This guide provides information and guidelines for
C1265 Test Method for Determining the Tensile Properties
consideration by the designer or applicator of a joint seal. It
of an Insulating Glass Edge Seal for Structural Glazing
explains the properties and functions of various materials, such
Applications
as sealant, sealant backing, and primer, among others; and,
C1311 Specification for Solvent Release Sealants
procedures such as, substrate cleaning and priming, and
C1330 Specification for Cylindrical Sealant Backing for Use
installation of the components of a sealed joint. It presents
with Cold Liquid-Applied Sealants
guidelines for the use and application of the various materials,
C1369 Specification for Secondary Edge Sealants for Struc- design of a sealant joint for a specific application, and
turally Glazed Insulating Glass Units environmental conditions and effects that are known to detri-
mentally affect a sealant joint. The information and guidelines
C1382 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Prop-
are also useful for those that supply accessories to the sealant
erties of Sealants When Used in Exterior Insulation and
industry and for those that install sealants and accessory
Finish Systems (EIFS) Joints
materials associated with sealant use.
C1401 Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
C1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants Using
4.2 In addition to the design and installation data in this
Artificial Weathering Apparatus
guide, consult the sealant manufacturer about applications for
C1472 Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects
its products and their proper use and installation. Considering
When Establishing Sealant Joint Width
the range of properties of commercially available sealants, the
C1481 Guide for Use of Joint Sealants with Exterior Insu- variety of joint designs possible, and the many conditions of
lation and Finish Systems (EIFS) use, the information contained herein is general in nature.
C1519 Test Method for Evaluating Durability of Building
4.3 It should be realized that a sealant and sealant joint are
Construction Sealants by Laboratory Accelerated Weath-
expected to have a design life during which they remain
ering Procedures
functional. However, a sealant and sealant joint will also have
C1521 Practice for Evaluating Adhesion of Installed Weath-
a service life. The intent is for service life to meet or exceed
erproofing Sealant Joints
design life. There are many factors that can affect service life
C1681 Test Method for Evaluating the Tear Resistance of a
including type of sealant polymer, sealant formulation, com-
Sealant Under Constant Strain
patibility with adjacent materials, installation techniques or
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-
deficiencies, sealant joint design (or lack thereof), proper
tic Elastomers—Tension
maintenance (or lack thereof), and environmental exposure,
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul- among others. The designer of a joint seal should take the
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
above into consideration when designing and specifying seal-
D2203 Test Method for Staining from Sealants ants for certain applications.
C1193 − 16 (2023)
4.4 The design life of a sealant or sealant joint should be wetting or to pedestrian or other traffic) can lessen sealant and
considered in conjunction with the design life of the structure sealant joint durability. The type of sealant, its primary
for which it is used. For example, a building owner may require polymer backbone, and the particular sealant formulation can
a new courthouse building to have an expected design life of 50 also contribute to lessened durability, especially if a sealant is
years. Therefore, elements of the building’s exterior envelope used in an application, or under conditions of use, not
should, with proper maintenance, be expected to perform for appropriate for it. Frequently, various combinations of envi-
that time period. As a result of the information in 4.3 it should ronmental exposure and conditions of use occur which can
be realized that a sealant or sealant joint may not perform for result in lessened durability. For example, depending on sealant
that time period without proper maintenance. Proper mainte- type, joint movement combined with heat aging and cold
nance could include replacement of localized sealant and weather exposure or joint movement combined with heat aging
sealant joint failures and conceivably complete sealant and moisture can result in failure. To enhance durability, it is
replacement, perhaps more than once, during that 50 year time important that the sealant type is matched to the conditions of
period depending on a sealant’s polymer base and its particular use and exposure and that the sealant joint is of proper design
formulation. Sealant replacement needs to be considered and for those conditions of use and exposure. In any event, eventual
when needed should be easily accomplished. replacement of a sealant that has reached its durability limit
must be planned for in the initial design and installation to
4.5 To assist the user of the guide in locating specific
facilitate future remedial work.
information, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections and
5.2.1 Durability Testing—Presently, testing for sealant du-
their descriptors are included in Appendix X1.
rability consists of exposing small-scale sealant samples to
conditions intended to simulate the effects of movements (as in
5. General Considerations
Practice C719), and to artificial weathering by actinic radiation,
5.1 General—Proper selection and use of a sealant is
moisture, and heat, without cycling movement, in a laboratory
fundamental to its ultimate performance, service life,
accelerated weathering device according to Practice C1442.
durability, and sustainability. A sealant joint subjected to
Laboratory artificial weathering and heat aging can be useful in
movement and other similar performance factors should be
the evaluation of the effects on sealants related to wash out,
designed for the particular application to avoid compromising
cracking, discoloration, and adhesion failure. The applicable
the sealant’s performance capability and causing failure of the
ASTM test methods are Test Method C732 for sealants
sealant (see Section 15). If not designed for the particular
conforming to Specification C834, Test Method C1257 for
application, failure is a possibility. Of equal importance is the
solvent release sealants conforming to C1311, and Test Meth-
proper selection and use of other materials and products
ods C792 and C793 for sealants conforming to Specification
associated with sealant use. These include substrate cleaner,
C920. Additionally, environmental exposure at various loca-
surface conditioner or primer, type of sealant backing material,
tions (for example Florida, Arizona, Texas, and certain sites in
bond-breaker, and joint filler, among others. The ability of a
northern latitudes) is also conducted. Correlation of artificial
sealant installation to remain weathertight is critically depen-
weathering to environmental exposure is important to assess
dent on proper preparation, continuity, durability of the sub-
the relevance of laboratory test results to predicting sealant
strates to which the sealant will adhere, and compatibility of
perfor
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