ASTM D870-97

Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by the partial or complete immersion of coated specimens in distilled or de-mineralized water at ambient or elevated temperatures. Although the apparatus and procedure could be employed in immersion tests using solutions of various materials in water, this practice is limited to tests in water alone.  
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water immersion tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.  Note 1-Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D1735, D2247, and D4585.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1997
• ICS: 25.220.20 - Surface treatment
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.27 - Accelerated Testing

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D870-02 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2785-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2205-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D1735-21 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2247-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative Humidity
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3322-23 - Standard Practice for Testing Primers and Primer Surfacers Over Preformed Metal
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4585/D4585M-18 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D7893-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Corrosion Test Panel Preparation, Testing, and Rating of Coil-Coated Building Products
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation:D870–97
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water
Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environment
D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by the
D 1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
partial or complete immersion of coated specimens in distilled
Using Water Fog Apparatus
or de-mineralized water at ambient or elevated temperatures.
D 2247 PracticeforTestingWaterResistanceofCoatingsin
Although the apparatus and procedure could be employed in
100 % Relative Humidity
immersion tests using solutions of various materials in water,
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
this practice is limited to tests in water alone.
ence with a Gray Scale
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining,
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape
measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of
Test
water immersion tests. It does not specify specimen prepara-
D 3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
tion, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
D 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of
Using Portable Adhesion Testers
coatings include Practices D 1735, D 2247, and D 4585.
D 4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Using Controlled Condensation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Summary of Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Coated specimens are partially or wholly immersed in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
water in a container that is resistant to corrosion. The exposure
conditions are varied by selecting: (a) the temperature of the
2. Referenced Documents
water, and (b) the duration of the test. Water permeates the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
coating at rates that are dependent upon the characteristics of
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
the coating and upon the temperature of the water.Any effects
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
such as color change, blistering, loss of adhesion, softening, or
Related Coating Products
embrittlement are observed and reported.
D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on
4. Significance and Use
Painted Steel Surfaces
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
4.1 Immersion in water can cause the degradation of coat-
Paints
ings. Knowledge on how a coating resists water immersion is
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in a water
of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products on Test
immersiontestmaybecausedbyanumberoffactorsincluding
Panels
a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the sub-
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
strate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating
systems.
4.2 Water immersion tests are used for research and devel-
opment of coatings and substrate treatments, specification
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
typicallyresultinapassorfaildetermination,butthedegreeof
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published September 1998. Originally
failure may also be measured. A coating system is considered
published as D 870 – 46 T. Last previous edition D 870 – 92.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
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D870
to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a their length. Reagent water conforming to Type IV of Speci-
specified period of time. fication D 1193 is suitable for use.
4.3 Results obtained from water immersion tests in accor- 7.2 Heat the water to the desired temperature with the
dance with this practice should not be represented as being circulating system in operation. If no temperature is specified,
equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural heat the water to 100 6 2°F (38 6 1°C). Maintain the
environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has temperature throughout the test.
been established for the coating or coating system. 7.3 Place the test specimens in the tank so that the plane of
4.4 Corrosion tests of a scribed coating on a ferrous sub- the sp
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