ASTM C120/C120M-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Flexure Testing of Slate (Breaking Load, Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity)
Standard Test Methods of Flexure Testing of Slate (Breaking Load, Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity) between various slates. These test methods also provide one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the breaking load, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of slate by means of flexure tests.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C120/C120M − 09
StandardTest Methods of
Flexure Testing of Slate (Breaking Load, Modulus of
1
Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C120/C120M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Due to the unique properties of slate, the flexure test is better adapted to use for strength and
elasticity determinations than either compression or tension tests. Furthermore, several uses of slates
are such that these determinations are of special interest and value, besides furnishing comparative
data.
The property of slate termed “grain” causes a slab of the material to break transversely in one
direction somewhat more readily than at right angles to this direction. For this reason it is desirable
to test the strength and elasticity both parallel and perpendicular to the grain.
Breaking load test results for samples of roofing slate are only valid for the commercial supply of
slates of that thickness or greater. For the commercial supply of thinner roofings slates, testing on
samples of the minimum specified thickness must be conducted.
When comparing slates of equal thickness, but from various sources, slates which meet the required
breaking load at the lowest specimen thickness will yield the best performance on the roof in terms
of resistance to impact damage.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the breaking 2.1 ASTM Standards:
C99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension
load, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of slate by
means of flexure tests. Stone
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
3. Terminology
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Ter-
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
minology C119.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
conformance with the standard. 4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differ-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ences in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture, modulus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of elasticity) between various slates. These test methods also
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
provide one element in the comparison of slates.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Sampling
5.1 Select the sample to represent a true average of the type
or grade of stone under consideration and of the quality
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
Dimension Stone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
2
Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
´1
approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C120–06 . DOI:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0120_C0120M-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C120/C120M − 09
supplied to the market under the type designation to be tested. 10. Procedure
The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his authorized
10.1 The testing machine shall be accurate to 1 % within the
representativefromthequarriedstoneortakenfromthenatural
range from 100 to 2000 lbf [500 to 10 000 N]. Place the
ledge and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation of
specimens flat on the rocker type knife-edges as shown in Fig.
the desired number of test specimens. When perceptible
1 of Test Method C99. Apply the load at the center span
variations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples as
through a rocker or fixed type knife-edge. When a load of
are necessary for determining the variations in flexure (break-
10 lbf [50 N] has been applied, stop the loading and make all
ing load, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity).
knife edges coincide with the marks on the specimen by
centering the specimen under the loading edge and moving the
MODULUS OF RUPTURE
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:C120–06 Designation: C 120/C 120M – 09
Standard Test Methods of
Flexure Testing of Slate (Breaking Load, Modulus of
1
Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 120/C 120M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—To correct 10.1, the words “by centering the specimen” were added to the fourth sentence editorially in June 2006.
INTRODUCTION
Due to the unique properties of slate, the flexure test is better adapted to use for strength and
elasticity determinations than either compression or tension tests. Furthermore, several uses of slates
are such that these determinations are of special interest and value, besides furnishing comparative
data.
The property of slate termed “grain” causes a slab of the material to break transversely in one
direction somewhat more readily than at right angles to this direction. For this reason it is desirable
to test the strength and elasticity both parallel and perpendicular to the grain.
Breaking load test results for samples of roofing slate are only valid for the commercial supply of
slates of that thickness or greater. For the commercial supply of thinner roofings slates, testing on
samples of the minimum specified thickness must be conducted.
When comparing slates of equal thickness, but from various sources, slates which meet the required
breaking load at the lowest specimen thickness will yield the best performance on the roof in terms
of resistance to impact damage.
1. Scope
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverdeterminationofthebreakingload,modulusofruptureandmodulusofelasticityofslatebymeans
of flexure tests.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Terminology C 119.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture, modulus of
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved MarchApril 1, 2006.2009. Published March 2006.April 2009. Originally approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
´1
C120–05C 120–06 .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 120/C 120M – 09
elasticity) between various slates. These test methods also provide one element in the comparison of slates.
5. Sampling
5.1 Select the sample to represent a true average of the type or grade of stone under consideration and of the quality supplied
to the market under the type designation to be tested.The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his authorized representative
fromthequarriedstoneortakenfromthenaturalledgeandshallbeofadequatesizetopermitthepreparationofthedesirednumber
of test specimens. When perceptible variations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples as are necessary for determining
the variations in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity).
MODULUS OF RUPTURE
6. Test Specimens
1
6.1 Structural or Electrical Slate— Six representative specimens, 12 by 1 ⁄2
...
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