C18.01 - Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in flexural strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural strength of stone by use of a simple beam using quarter-point loading.  
1.2 Stone tests shall be made when pertinent for the situation when the load is perpendicular to the bedding plane and when the load is parallel to the bedding plane.  
1.3 As required, the flexural tests shall also be conducted under wet conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in weather resistance between various slates. For comparison of relative slate performance, Specification C406/C406M provides a classification that includes expected service life based on depth of softening. This test method provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for weather resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining the depth of softening after soaking in 1 % sulfuric acid solution by a shear/scratch tester (Test Method A) or by hand scraping (Test Method B).  
Note 1: These tests are based on the fact that slates containing calcium carbonate undergo a chemical weathering which produces gypsum and carbon dioxide. The swelling action that results causes disintegration of the slate. Oxidation of iron sulfides (such as pyrite) may also adversely affect weathering durability of a slate. The extent of such action on various slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability of the materials in actual weathering.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Petrographic examinations are made for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 Determine the physical and chemical characteristics (mineralogy, texture, and composition) of the stone specimen that may be observed by petrographic methods and that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.2 Describe and classify the minerals of the specimen.  
4.1.3 Classify the stone both commercially and geologically based on Terminology C119, recognizing the differences in nomenclature; and based on the following standards, as appropriate:
Specification C406
Specification C503
Specification C568
Specification C615
Specification C616
Specification C629
Specification C1526
Specification C1527  
4.1.4 Determine the relative amounts of the minerals of the specimen and constituents that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.5 Compare characteristics of the stone with specimens from one or more sources, for which test data or performance records are available.  
4.2 The petrographer should be told in as much detail as necessary, the purposes and objectives of the examination, the kind of information needed, and the extent of examination desired.  
4.2.1 Pertinent background information, including results of prior testing, such as physical and mechanical testing, should be made available. The petrographer’s advice and judgment should be sought regarding the extent of the examination. Available physical and mechanical testing may include the following:
Test Methods C97
Test Method C99
Test Method C170
Test Method C880
Test Methods C120
Test Method C121
Test Method C241
Test Method C1353  
Test Method C217  
4.3 This guide may form the basis for establishing arrangements between a purchaser of consulting petrographic service and the petrographer. In such a case, the purchaser and the consultant should together determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination and analy...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the petrographic examination of stone specimen material proposed for use as dimension stone used in construction.  
1.2 This guide outlines the extent to which petrographic techniques should be used, the selection of petrographic related properties that should be looked for, and the manner in which such techniques may be employed in the examination of dimension stone.  
1.3 The rock and mineral names given in Terminology C119 should be used, insofar as they are appropriate, in reports prepared in accordance with this guide.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information from which applicable design data can be determined for a given anchor used to support a dimension stone panel. The strength of a limited length of anchor may be related to a longer length of support when the flexibility of the support is properly considered by the designer. Refer to Guide C1242.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ultimate strength of an assembly consisting of stone with mechanical anchor (anchorage). Load is applied, separately, perpendicular to the surface of the panel and parallel to the surface of the panel. This test is intended to represent the interaction of the anchor with the stone panel. However, influence of the backup structure on the strength of the assemblies is not included.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to stone panels supported by mechanical anchors.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between various building stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
Note 1: Test Method C1353/C1353M is an alternative method to evaluate abrasion resistance for stone subjected to foot traffic, but is not applicable for hard and coarse-grained stones such as granite. Preliminary assessments by Subcommittee C18.03 indicate it results in similar Ha values as established by this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of abrasion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, and similar uses where the wear is caused by foot traffic.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units. See 10.1 and 11.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for providing engineering values for stress and deflection analysis of stone panels. It is also useful in indicating the differences in flexural modulus of elasticity between various dimension stones and stones of the same type in different loading directions (parallel and perpendicular to rift or bedding planes).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural modulus of elasticity of stone by using a simple beam with quarter-point loading.  
1.2 Stone tests may be made with load applied perpendicular to the bedding plane or rift and with load applied parallel to the bedding plane or rift.  
1.3 Stone tests may be made for wet and dry specimen conditions.  
1.4 The specifier of the test shall determine which conditions shall be used.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method gives a standard procedure for determining structural performance under uniform static air pressure difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of wind loads on exterior building surface elements. The actual loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. These factors are discussed in the literature in 2.2 and 2.3 and Footnotes 4 and 5.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, it should be borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be a function of fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimen may or may not truly represent the actual structure. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermal expansion and contraction, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the structural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under positive and negative uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber.  
1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.  
1.3 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying either specific test loads or unknown ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to a specimen.  
1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflections at maximum load only are required.  
1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a quantitative means of determining the shear bond strength between an installed adhered stone and its substrate. This test can be used as a means of determining the shear bond strength of pre-existing or recently installed stone assemblies.  
4.2 The maximum stone specimen size is 6 by 6 in. [150 by 150 mm]. The size limitation is provided to establish a practical specimen size, limit maximum breaking load, and prevent out-of-plane stress.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for determining the shear bond strength of dimension stone wall or floor assembly adhered to a substrate.  
1.2 This test method was developed for adhered stone applications and may be used in a laboratory or in the field.  
1.3 Testing is performed on cured stone assemblies on a vertical or horizontal plane in an interior or exterior application. Load is applied to one edge of the stone. The load is applied at a specified rate until the stone assembly fails.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in water absorption of slates. This test method also provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water absorption of slate.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of dimension stone and may be related to end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Calculation of predicted life should not be based on specific abrasion data alone.  
5.2 The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.  
5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels may require resurfacing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the establishment of an index of abrasion resistance by determination of loss of volume resulting from abrasion of dimension stone as described in Terminology C119 and is based on Guide G195.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units.  
1.2.2 Exception—As the equipment used in this test method was designed and initially fabricated using dimensions in inch-pound units, the values of equipment dimensions stated in SI units have been given as exact conversions to the nearest 0.1 mm.  
1.3 This test method uses a rotary platform abraser to determine the loss in volume of dimension stone caused by abrasion under controlled conditions.  
1.4 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various dimension stones. This test method provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture) between various slates. These test methods also provide one element in the comparison of roofing slates under Specification C406 and structural slates under Specification C629.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the breaking load of roofing slate and modulus of rupture of structural slate by use of simple three-point loading.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in modulus of rupture between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of all types of dimension stone except slate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in absorption between the various dimension stones. These test methods also provide one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining the absorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimension stone, except slate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in weather resistance between various slates. For comparison of relative slate performance, Specification C406/C406M provides a classification that includes expected service life based on depth of softening. This test method provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for weather resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining the depth of softening after soaking in 1 % sulfuric acid solution by a shear/scratch tester (Test Method A) or by hand scraping (Test Method B).  
Note 1: These tests are based on the fact that slates containing calcium carbonate undergo a chemical weathering which produces gypsum and carbon dioxide. The swelling action that results causes disintegration of the slate. Oxidation of iron sulfides (such as pyrite) may also adversely affect weathering durability of a slate. The extent of such action on various slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability of the materials in actual weathering.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information from which applicable design data can be determined for a given anchor used to support a dimension stone panel. The strength of a limited length of anchor may be related to a longer length of support when the flexibility of the support is properly considered by the designer. Refer to Guide C1242.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ultimate strength of an assembly consisting of stone with mechanical anchor (anchorage). Load is applied, separately, perpendicular to the surface of the panel and parallel to the surface of the panel. This test is intended to represent the interaction of the anchor with the stone panel. However, influence of the backup structure on the strength of the assemblies is not included.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to stone panels supported by mechanical anchors.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Petrographic examinations are made for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 Determine the physical and chemical characteristics (mineralogy, texture, and composition) of the stone specimen that may be observed by petrographic methods and that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.2 Describe and classify the minerals of the specimen.  
4.1.3 Classify the stone both commercially and geologically based on Terminology C119, recognizing the differences in nomenclature; and based on the following standards, as appropriate:
Specification C406
Specification C503
Specification C568
Specification C615
Specification C616
Specification C629
Specification C1526
Specification C1527  
4.1.4 Determine the relative amounts of the minerals of the specimen and constituents that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.5 Compare characteristics of the stone with specimens from one or more sources, for which test data or performance records are available.  
4.2 The petrographer should be told in as much detail as necessary, the purposes and objectives of the examination, the kind of information needed, and the extent of examination desired.  
4.2.1 Pertinent background information, including results of prior testing, such as physical and mechanical testing, should be made available. The petrographer’s advice and judgment should be sought regarding the extent of the examination. Available physical and mechanical testing may include the following:
Test Methods C97
Test Method C99
Test Method C170
Test Method C880
Test Methods C120
Test Method C121
Test Method C241
Test Method C1353  
Test Method C217  
4.3 This guide may form the basis for establishing arrangements between a purchaser of consulting petrographic service and the petrographer. In such a case, the purchaser and the consultant should together determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination and analy...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the petrographic examination of stone specimen material proposed for use as dimension stone used in construction.  
1.2 This guide outlines the extent to which petrographic techniques should be used, the selection of petrographic related properties that should be looked for, and the manner in which such techniques may be employed in the examination of dimension stone.  
1.3 The rock and mineral names given in Terminology C119 should be used, insofar as they are appropriate, in reports prepared in accordance with this guide.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Petrographic examinations are made for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 Determine the physical and chemical characteristics (mineralogy, texture, and composition) of the stone specimen that may be observed by petrographic methods and that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.2 Describe and classify the minerals of the specimen.  
4.1.3 Classify the stone both commercially and geologically based on Terminology C119, recognizing the differences in nomenclature; and based on the following standards, as appropriate:
Specification C406
Specification C503
Specification C568
Specification C615
Specification C616
Specification C629
Specification C1526
Specification C1527  
4.1.4 Determine the relative amounts of the minerals of the specimen and constituents that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.5 Compare characteristics of the stone with specimens from one or more sources, for which test data or performance records are available.  
4.2 The petrographer should be told in as much detail as necessary, the purposes and objectives of the examination, the kind of information needed, and the extent of examination desired.  
4.2.1 Pertinent background information, including results of prior testing, such as physical and mechanical testing, should be made available. The petrographer’s advice and judgment should be sought regarding the extent of the examination. Available physical and mechanical testing may include the following:
Test Methods C97
Test Method C99
Test Method C170
Test Method C880
Test Methods C120
Test Method C121
Test Method C241
Test Method C1353  
Test Method C217  
4.3 This guide may form the basis for establishing arrangements between a purchaser of consulting petrographic service and the petrographer. In such a case, the purchaser and the consultant should together determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination and analy...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the petrographic examination of stone specimen material proposed for use as dimension stone used in construction.  
1.2 This guide outlines the extent to which petrographic techniques should be used, the selection of petrographic related properties that should be looked for, and the manner in which such techniques may be employed in the examination of dimension stone.  
1.3 The rock and mineral names given in Terminology C119 should be used, insofar as they are appropriate, in reports prepared in accordance with this guide.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between various building stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
Note 1: Test Method C1353/C1353M is an alternative method to evaluate abrasion resistance for stone subjected to foot traffic, but is not applicable for hard and coarse-grained stones such as granite. Preliminary assessments by Subcommittee C18.03 indicate it results in similar Ha values as established by this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of abrasion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, and similar uses where the wear is caused by foot traffic.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units. See 10.1 and 11.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in weather resistance between various slates. This test method provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weather resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining the depth of softening by a shear/scratch tester or by hand scraping after soaking in 1 % sulfuric acid.  
Note 1: The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite, calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in the conversion of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swelling action that results causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of this action on various slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability of the materials in actual weathering.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of dimension stone and may be related to end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Calculation of predicted life should not be based on specific abrasion data alone.  
5.2 The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.  
5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels may require resurfacing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the establishment of an index of abrasion resistance by determination of loss of volume resulting from abrasion of dimension stone as described in Terminology C119 and is based on Guide G195.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units.  
1.2.2 Exception—As the equipment used in this test method was designed and initially fabricated using dimensions in inch-pound units, the values of equipment dimensions stated in SI units have been given as exact conversions to the nearest 0.1 mm.  
1.3 This test method uses a rotary platform abraser to determine the loss in volume of dimension stone caused by abrasion under controlled conditions.  
1.4 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various dimension stones. This test method provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in flexural strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural strength of stone by use of a simple beam using quarter-point loading.  
1.2 Stone tests shall be made when pertinent for the situation when the load is perpendicular to the bedding plane and when the load is parallel to the bedding plane.  
1.3 As required, the flexural tests shall also be conducted under wet conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in flexural strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural strength of stone by use of a simple beam using quarter-point loading.  
1.2 Stone tests shall be made when pertinent for the situation when the load is perpendicular to the bedding plane and when the load is parallel to the bedding plane.  
1.3 As required, the flexural tests shall also be conducted under wet conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture) between various slates. These test methods also provide one element in the comparison of roofing slates under Specification C406 and structural slates under Specification C629.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the breaking load of roofing slate and modulus of rupture of structural slate by use of simple three-point loading.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity) between various slates. These test methods also provide one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the breaking load, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of slate by means of flexure tests.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in weather resistance between various slates. This test method also provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weather resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining the depth of softening by shear/scratch tester or by hand scraping.  
Note 1: The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite, calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in the conversion of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swelling action that results causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of this action on various slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability of the materials in actual weathering.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in water absorption of slates. This test method also provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water absorption of slate.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method gives a standard procedure for determining structural performance under uniform static air pressure difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of wind loads on exterior building surface elements. The actual loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. These factors are discussed in the literature in 2.2 and 2.3 and Footnotes 4 and 5.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, it should be borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be a function of fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimen may or may not truly represent the actual structure. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermal expansion and contraction, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the structural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under positive and negative uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber.  
1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.  
1.3 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying either specific test loads or unknown ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to a specimen.  
1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflections at maximum load only are required.  
1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of dimension stone and may be related to end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Calculation of predicted life should not be based on specific abrasion data alone.  
5.2 The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.  
5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels may require resurfacing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the establishment of an index of abrasion resistance by determination of loss of volume resulting from abrasion of dimension stone as described in Terminology C119 and is based on Guide G195.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units.  
1.2.2 Exception—As the equipment used in this test method was designed and initially fabricated using dimensions in inch-pound units, the values of equipment dimensions stated in SI units have been given as exact conversions to the nearest 0.1 mm.  
1.3 This test method uses a rotary platform abraser to determine the loss in volume of dimension stone caused by abrasion under controlled conditions.  
1.4 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various dimension stones. This test method provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for providing engineering values for stress and deflection analysis of stone panels. It is also useful in indicating the differences in flexural modulus of elasticity between various dimension stones and stones of the same type in different loading directions (parallel and perpendicular to rift or bedding planes).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural modulus of elasticity of stone by using a simple beam with quarter-point loading.  
1.2 Stone tests may be made with load applied perpendicular to the bedding plane or rift and with load applied parallel to the bedding plane or rift.  
1.3 Stone tests may be made for wet and dry specimen conditions.  
1.4 The specifier of the test shall determine which conditions shall be used.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Petrographic examinations are made for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 Determine the physical and chemical characteristics (mineralogy, texture, and composition) of the stone specimen that may be observed by petrographic methods and that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.2 Describe and classify the minerals of the specimen.  
4.1.3 Classify the stone both commercially and geologically based on Terminology C119, recognizing the differences in nomenclature; and based on the following standards, as appropriate:
Specification C406
Specification C503
Specification C568
Specification C615
Specification C616
Specification C629
Specification C1526
Specification C1527  
4.1.4 Determine the relative amounts of the minerals of the specimen and constituents that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.5 Compare characteristics of the stone with specimens from one or more sources, for which test data or performance records are available.  
4.2 The petrographer should be told in as much detail as necessary, the purposes and objectives of the examination, the kind of information needed, and the extent of examination desired.  
4.2.1 Pertinent background information, including results of prior testing, such as physical and mechanical testing, should be made available. The petrographer’s advice and judgment should be sought regarding the extent of the examination. Available physical and mechanical testing may include the following:
Test Methods C97
Test Method C99
Test Method C170
Test Method C880
Test Methods C120
Test Method C121
Test Method C241
Test Method C1353  
Test Method C217  
4.3 This guide may form the basis for establishing arrangements between a purchaser of consulting petrographic service and the petrographer. In such a case, the purchaser and the consultant should together determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination and analy...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the petrographic examination of stone specimen material proposed for use as dimension stone used in construction.  
1.2 This guide outlines the extent to which petrographic techniques should be used, the selection of petrographic related properties that should be looked for, and the manner in which such techniques may be employed in the examination of dimension stone.  
1.3 The rock and mineral names given in Terminology C119 should be used, insofar as they are appropriate, in reports prepared in accordance with this guide.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various building stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, and similar uses where the wear is caused by the abrasion of foot traffic.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units. See 9.1 and 10.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in absorption between the various dimension stones. These test methods also provide one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining the absorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimension stone, except slate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various building stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, and similar uses where the wear is caused by the abrasion of foot traffic.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units. See 9.1 and 10.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide information from which applicable design data can be determined for a given anchor used to support a dimension stone panel. The strength of a limited length of anchor may be related to a longer length of support when the flexibility of the support is properly considered by the designer. Refer to Guide C1242.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ultimate strength of an assembly consisting of stone with mechanical anchor (anchorage). Load is applied, separately, perpendicular to the surface of the panel and parallel to the surface of the panel. This test is intended to represent the interaction of the anchor with the stone panel. However, influence of the backup structure on the strength of the assemblies is not included.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to stone panels supported by mechanical anchors.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in flexural strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural strength of stone by use of a simple beam using quarter-point loading.  
1.2 Stone tests shall be made when pertinent for the situation when the load is perpendicular to the bedding plane and when the load is parallel to the bedding plane.  
1.3 As required, the flexural tests shall also be conducted under wet conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in modulus of rupture between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of all types of dimension stone except slate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of dimension stone and may be related to end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Calculation of predicted life should not be based on specific abrasion data alone.  
5.2 The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.  
5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels may require resurfacing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the establishment of an index of abrasion resistance by determination of loss of volume resulting from abrasion of dimension stone as described in Terminology C119 and is based on Guide G195.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units.  
1.2.2 Exception—As the equipment used in this test method was designed and initially fabricated using dimensions in inch-pound units, the values of equipment dimensions stated in SI units have been given as exact conversions to the nearest 0.1 mm.  
1.3 This test method uses a rotary platform abraser to determine the loss in volume of dimension stone caused by abrasion under controlled conditions.  
1.4 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various dimension stones. This test method provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in weather resistance between various slates. This test method also provides one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for weather resistance of slate in all outdoor installations by determining the depth of softening by shear/scratch tester or by hand scraping.  
Note 1: The test is based on the fact that slates containing pyrite, calcite, and carbon undergo a chemical weathering which results in the conversion of the calcite particles to gypsum. The swelling action that results causes disintegration of the slate. The extent of this action on various slates in the test has been found to correlate with the durability of the materials in actual weathering.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling, preparation of specimens, and determination of the compressive strength of dimension stone.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various building stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, and similar uses where the wear is caused by the abrasion of foot traffic.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units. See 9.1 and 10.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in flexure (breaking load, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity) between various slates. These test methods also provide one element in the comparison of slates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the breaking load, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of slate by means of flexure tests.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.