ASTM D4938-89(2013)

Standard Test Method for Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity Water (Withdrawn 2022)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to measure the erosion rates of ablative antifouling paint systems exposed to flowing water at velocities designed to subject the paint system to shear stresses experienced in service.  
4.2 Measurement of erosion rates are necessary to help in the assessment of ablative antifouling paint film thicknesses required for fouling control between scheduled drydockings of ships, in the selection of materials, in producing quality assurance, and in understanding the performance mechanism.  
4.3 The test data is intended to serve as a guide for predicting the service life of ablative antifouling paints in order to calculate the necessary paint thickness to fit specified deployment cycles. Erosion rates of antifouling paints in service will vary depending on such factors as: berthing location, geographic area of operation, salinity, pH, and temperature of seawater. It should also be recognized that some areas of the ship are subject to different erosion rates.  
4.4 The degree of correlation between results obtained from this test method and shipboard service has not been determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of erosion rates for marine antifouling paint systems immersed in flowing natural seawater.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of erosion rates for marine antifouling paint systems immersed in flowing natural seawater.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in January 2022 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-May-2013
• Withdrawal Date: 11-Jan-2022
• ICS: 47.020.05 - Materials and components for shipbuilding
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.45 - Marine Coatings

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4938 −89 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Erosion Testing of Antifouling Paints Using High Velocity
1
Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope DOD-P-24655Paint, Underwater Hull, Anticorrosion (Met-
ric)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of erosion
ratesformarineantifoulingpaintsystemsimmersedinflowing
3. Summary of Test Method
natural seawater.
3.1 Steel panels coated with the antifouling paint system
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
under evaluation are positioned in a high velocity water
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
channel, similar to the type shown in Figs. 1-3, parallel to the
standard.
path of the flowing water.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Exposure conditions shall include at least one series of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
test panels evaluated at the standard water velocity of 12 m/s
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and shall specify the length of time, temperature, salinity, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pH.Additionalvelocitiesmaybeconductedatthediscretionof
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
the customer.
hazard statement, see Section 7.
3.3 Color photographs and coating thickness measurements
shallbetakenpriortoexposure,atspecifiedtimeintervals,and
2. Referenced Documents
2 repeated at the end of the test for comparison purposes.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A569/A569M Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15
4. Significance and Use
Maximum,Percent),Hot-RolledSheetandStripCommer-
3
4.1 Thistestmethodisintendedtomeasuretheerosionrates
cial (Withdrawn 2000)
of ablative antifouling paint systems exposed to flowing water
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
at velocities designed to subject the paint system to shear
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
stresses experienced in service.
D1889Test Method for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn
3
2007)
4.2 Measurement of erosion rates are necessary to help in
D2200Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation the assessment of ablative antifouling paint film thicknesses
Standards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces
required for fouling control between scheduled drydockings of
4
ships, in the selection of materials, in producing quality
2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:
assurance, and in understanding the performance mechanism.
MIL-P-24441Paint, Epoxy-Polyamide
DOD-P-24647Paint, Antifouling, Ship Hull (Metric)
4.3 The test data is intended to serve as a guide for
predictingtheservicelifeofablativeantifoulingpaintsinorder
to calculate the necessary paint thickness to fit specified
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
deployment cycles. Erosion rates of antifouling paints in
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings. service will vary depending on such factors as: berthing
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
location, geographic area of operation, salinity, pH, and tem-
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4938– 89 (2007).
perature of seawater. It should also be recognized that some
DOI: 10.1520/D4938-89R13.
2
areas of the ship are subject to different erosion rates.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.4 Thedegreeofcorrelationbetweenresultsobtainedfrom
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this test method and shipboard service has not been deter-
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
mined.
www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
5. Apparatus
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. 5.1 Water Channel:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4938−89 (2013)
FIG. 1 High Velocity Flow Channel
FIG. 2 Simplified Schematic of Flow Channel
W, mm Velocity, m/s
5.1.1 High velocity flowing water in a contained channel,
50 18
60 15
similar to the type shown in Figs. 1-3, is used to induce
75 12
hydrodynamic shear stresses o
...