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ASTM D279-02(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments

Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Test Method A determines the amount of color produced when the pigment is in direct contact with a selected solvent such as toluene. It is useful as a rapid, easily conducted test of the general bleeding characteristics of pigments.  
4.2 Test Method B determines the amount of color migration into a white film applied over a base coat containing the pigment. It may give a more practical evaluation of whether a pigment will meet specific requirements for bleed resistance.  
4.3 Both Test Method A and Test Method B measure the extent of bleed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the bleeding characteristics of dry pigments by direct solvent extraction of the pigment and by overstriping a film with a white coating and observing for the color migration from the base coat containing the pigment.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2012
ICS
87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.31 - Pigment Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D279-02(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5098-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Dispersion Paints
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5724-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Gouache Paints
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012

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ASTM D279-02(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D279 − 02 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Bleeding of Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
4.1 Test MethodAdetermines the amount of color produced
the bleeding characteristics of dry pigments by direct solvent
when the pigment is in direct contact with a selected solvent
extraction of the pigment and by overstriping a film with a
such as toluene. It is useful as a rapid, easily conducted test of
white coating and observing for the color migration from the
the general bleeding characteristics of pigments.
base coat containing the pigment.
4.2 Test Method B determines the amount of color migra-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tion into a white film applied over a base coat containing the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
pigment. It may give a more practical evaluation of whether a
only.
pigment will meet specific requirements for bleed resistance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Both Test Method A and Test Method B measure the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
extent of bleed.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
TEST METHOD A, DIRECT SOLVENT CONTACT
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITH PIGMENT
2. Referenced Documents
5. Procedure
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Place 0.50 g of pigment (Note 1) in a test tube or vial
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
and add 20-mL of reagent grade toluene (Note 2). Close with
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
a stopper, shake well for 10 s, and let stand 15 min. Repeat the
Coordinates
10-s shake and let stand 45 min.
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
NOTE 1—Additional amounts of pigment may be used by prior
ence With a Gray Scale
agreement for denser inorganic pigments. A maximum of 1.5 g is
recommended for even the dense lead chromate pigments.
3. Summary of Test Methods
NOTE2—Othersolventsmaybeused,bymutualagreementbetweenthe
partiesinvolved,inplaceoftolueneinaspecificpigmentbleedevaluation.
3.1 Test Method A—The pigment is shaken with toluene,
filtered, and the filtrate observed for color.
5.2 Filter through a glass funnel using double filter paper
that has first been wet with toluene and collect approximately
3.2 Test Method B—A coating using the pigment under test
is prepared and applied to one half of a panel.Awhite finish is 10 mL of filtrate in a 23 mm outer diameter flat bottom vial. If
the filtrate is cloudy, refilter to get a clear filtrate.
applied over the dried colored coating and extended to the
uncoated portion of the panel. The dried overstripe coating is
NOTE 3—In the case of colloidal particles, it may be necessary to
examined for color migration from the base coat.
centrifuge the filtrate.
5.3 Hold the vial containing the filtrate above a white
background and look down through the filtrate for coloration
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
caused by pigment bleed. Describe the degree or severity of
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications. bleed according to the following terminology or use the Gray
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
Scale (Test Method D2616):
approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D279 – 02 (2007).
5.3.1 None—No perceptible color (that is, no bleed).
DOI: 10.1520/D0279-02R12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3.2 Slight—A faint but distinct coloration.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3.3 Moderate—A pronounced but not severe coloration.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.3.4 Severe—An intense coloration.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D279 − 02 (2012)
TEST METHOD B, WHITE OVERSTRIPE OF A 6.4 Extend the overstripe film to the uncoated portion of the
PIGMENTED FILM panel. Dry the overstripe under conditions mutually agreed
upon by
...

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