ASTM D763-06(2019)

Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Umber Pigments

ABSTRACT
This specification covers raw and burnt umber pigments. The pigments could be in a dry or paste in oil form. Dry pigments should conform to the composition requirements for iron oxide content, calcium compound content, moisture and other volatile matter content, coarse particle content, and organic color content. Raw umber dry pigments should be in a soft, dry form and made from a hydrated iron oxide permeating a siliceous base and free of admixtures. Burnt umber dry pigments should be produced by raw amber calcination and free of admixtures. Paste in oil pigments should conform to the specified pigment content, nonvolatile vehicle content, moisture by distillation content, and coarse particle and skin content. Both raw and burnt umber paste in oil pigments should be made by thoroughly grinding the pigment with linseed oil with a small amount of wetting or dispersing agents.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as raw umber and burnt umber.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2019
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D763-06(2012) - Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Umber Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM D1208-96(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM D1208-96(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D280-01(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D50-90(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM D387-00(2008) - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Refers: ASTM D185-07 - Standard Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Refers: ASTM D1208-96(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2007
• Refers: ASTM D280-01(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Refers: ASTM D50-90(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Refers: ASTM D280-01 - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D280-81(1995) - Standard Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Refers: ASTM D387-00 - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Refers: ASTM D185-84(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes, and Paints
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Refers: ASTM D50-90(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999

Overview

ASTM D763-06(2019) - Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Umber Pigments outlines the requirements for pigments commercially known as raw umber and burnt umber. Developed by ASTM International, this specification addresses pigments in both dry form and paste in oil, ensuring product consistency, safety, and performance for paint, coatings, and colorant industries.

This standard applies to pigments made primarily from hydrated iron oxide (in raw form) and those obtained by calcination (burnt umber). The document details the minimum purity, acceptable constituents, physical characteristics, and appropriate test methods to verify compliance with industry standards.

Key Topics

• Pigment Types

  • Raw Umber: Hydrated iron oxide with minimal admixtures, typically soft and free-flowing.
  • Burnt Umber: Produced by calcining raw umber, also free of foreign admixtures except for permitted carbon pigments.

• Forms Covered

  • Dry Pigments: Must meet composition requirements for iron oxide and calcium compounds, low moisture and volatile matter, and absence of coarse particles or organic colors.
  • Paste in Oil: Pigments ground with linseed oil, with or without minor dispersing agents, to a consistent, brushable paste.

• Composition Requirements

  • Iron Oxide Content: Minimum percentages specified for both raw and burnt umber to ensure coloring strength and stability.
  • Calcium Compounds: Limited maximum to maintain pigment purity.
  • Moisture and Volatile Content: Controlled to prevent quality issues in final applications.
  • Residual Matter: Strict sieving limits to eliminate coarse particles.

• Testing and Sampling

  • Adherence to referenced ASTM methods (such as D50, D185, D280, D387, D1208).
  • Random sampling across production batches to ensure uniformity.

Applications

• Paint and Coating Manufacturing: Consistent pigment properties are critical in producing paints, stains, and artist materials where color stability, tinting strength, and dispersion are essential.
• Industrial and Decorative Uses: Suitable for use in building materials, artistic applications, plastics, and specialty coatings requiring earth-tone colorants.
• Quality Assurance: Ensures manufacturers, suppliers, and purchasers have a clear and uniform basis for pigment quality, supporting regulatory compliance and product reliability.
• International Trade: The standard aligns with WTO TBT Committee principles, facilitating trade and communication in global pigment markets.

Related Standards

For a comprehensive pigment evaluation and to meet broader quality or performance requirements, consider these associated ASTM standards:

• ASTM D50 - Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manganese
• ASTM D185 - Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
• ASTM D280 - Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture in Pigments
• ASTM D387 - Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments
• ASTM D1208 - Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain Pigments

---

By adhering to ASTM D763-06(2019), raw and burnt umber pigment manufacturers and users ensure consistency, safety, and optimal performance in colorant formulations. This standard is an essential reference for those engaged in paint manufacturing, pigment supply, and chemical analysis, providing a reliable basis for quality assurance and international trade in umber pigments.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D763 −06 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Raw and Burnt Umber Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope substancesexceptcarbonpigments.Thepigmentshallconform
to the requirements for composition prescribed in Table 1.
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially
3.1.2 Burnt Umber—The pigment shall be produced by the
known as raw umber and burnt umber.
calcination of raw umber and shall be free of admixtures of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
other substances except carbon pigments. The pigment shall
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
conform to the requirements for composition prescribed in
only.
Table 1.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 PasteinOil—Forbothrawandburntumber,thepastein
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
oil shall be made by thoroughly grinding the pigment with
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
linseed oil (with or without a small amount of volatile thinner)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
together with (where necessary) small amounts of wetting or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dispersing agents to produce a paste or semipaste of satisfac-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tory consistency. As received, it shall not be caked in the
container and shall break up readily in linseed oil to form a
2. Referenced Documents
smooth paint of brushing consistency. It shall mix readily in all
2.1 ASTM Standards:
proportions, without curdling, with linseed oil, turpentine, or
D50 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis ofYellow, Orange,
volatile petroleum spirits, or any mixture of these substances.
Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and Manga-
The paste shall conform to the following requirements:
nese
Pigment, min, % 55
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
Nonvolatile vehicle, min, % 80
Moisture by distillation, max, % 2.0
D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other
Coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a 1.0
Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
No. 325 (45-µm sieve), max, % of dry pigment
D387 Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic
3.3 The mass color and character of the tint and the tinting
Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
strength formed by a mixture with a white pigment shall be
D1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain
within mutually agreed upon limits of a standard acceptable to
Pigments
both the purchaser and the seller.
3. Composition and Properties
4. Sampling
3.1 Dry Pigments—The pigments shall conform to the
4.1 Two samples shall be taken at random from different
following requirements:
packages from each lot, batch, day’s pack, or other unit of
3.1.1 Raw Umber—The pigment shall be in a soft, dry form
production in a shipment. When no markings distinguishing
and shall be a hydrated oxide of iron (together with such
between units of production appear, samples shall be taken
manganese that is naturally associated with it) permeating a
fro
...