ASTM C454-10(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables, including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in product development and for relative comparisons in application work such as in blast furnace service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refractories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C454 − 10 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope period, the temperature distribution over the hearth shall not
vary more than 615 °F (8 °C).
1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refrac-
tories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated
3.3 Potassium Carbonate (K CO )—Anhydrous granular.
2 3
temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in
service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the
4. Test Specimens
probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.
4.1 Ten specimens constitute a specimen set and not more
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
than one specimen is taken from a given carbon shape.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.2 Two in. (51 mm) cube specimens are cut from the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
shapes to a manner so as to maintain as many of the original
and are not considered standard.
surfaces as possible.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 A hole ⁄8 in. (22 mm) in diameter and 1 in. (25 mm)
deep is drilled into the center of one face of each specimen.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.4 Cut a lid from a carbon shape measuring approximately
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2by2by ⁄4 in. (50 by 50 by 6 mm) for each specimen.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Procedure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Dry the specimens and lids at 220 to 230 °F (105 to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
110 °C) for at least 1 h. Place8gofK CO in the hole of each
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2 3
specimen, and then place a lid over each hole.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.2 Place the prepared specimens in the sagger, using coke
2. Significance and Use
breeze as a packing material to prevent oxidation. Maintain a
2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack
distance of not less than 1 in. (25 mm) between the inner wall
at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using
of the sagger and any specimen, and not less than ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon
between specimens. Cover the uppermost specimen with a
refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables,
layer of coke breeze at least 1 in. in thickness and place a
including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence
close-fitting cover on the sagger.The lid may be sealed in place
of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in
around the outside of the sagger by the use of air-setting
product development and for relative comparisons in applica-
refractory mortar.
tion work such as in blast furnace service.
5.3 Heat the sagger assembly in the kiln at a rate not
3. Apparatus and Materia
...
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