ASTM D2399-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Selection of Cutback Asphalts
Standard Practice for Selection of Cutback Asphalts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice defines various types of bituminous paving construction for which cutback asphalt may be used. In addition, it delineates the types and grades recommended for each specific use.
4.2 This practice provides the basic concepts on which the use recommendations have been made. It also provides a rationale by which the user may judiciously select a material for a specific job application from among those generally recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving and allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2399 − 21
Standard Practice for
1
Selection of Cutback Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-
Curing Type)
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of
the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving
3. Terminology
and allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called
3.1 Definitions:
road oils.
3.1.1 bitumen-aggregate applications—the spraying of liq-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are
uid bitumen on prepared aggregate or pavement surfaces,
to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each
which subsequently are covered with graded aggregate.
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.1.2 bitumen-aggregate mixture—a combination of bitumi-
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
nous material and aggregate that is physically mixed by
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
mechanical and thermal means, spread on the job site, and
standard.
compacted.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.1.3 bitumen applications—the uses of sprayed bituminous
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
coatings not involving the use of aggregates. Uses of liquid
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
bitumeninthisgroupareallclassedastreatments.(See surface
as requirements of the standard.
treatments.)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 cold-laid plant mix—a mixture of liquid bitumen and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mineral aggregate prepared in a central bituminous mixing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
plant and spread and compacted at the job site when the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mixture is at or near ambient temperature.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 dense-graded aggregate—aggregate that is graded
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- from the maximum size down to filler with the object of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the obtaining a bituminous mix with a controlled void content and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- high stability.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.6 dust binder—a light application of bituminous mate-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
rial for the express purpose of laying and bonding loose dust.
3.1.7 mixed-in-place (road mix)—a bituminous course pro-
2. Referenced Documents
duced by mixing mineral aggregate and liquid bitumen at the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
job site by means of travel plants, motor graders, drags, or
D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-
special road-mixing equipment. Pavement base and surfaces,
Curing Type)
mixed in place, may utilize open-graded aggregates (3.1.10),
D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt
dense-graded aggregates (3.1.5), sand (3.1.14), or sandy soil
(Medium-Curing Type)
(3.1.16).
3.1.8 mulch treatment—a spray application of bituminous
1 material used to temporarily stabilize a recently seeded area.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on The bitumen can also be applied to straw or hay mulch as a
Asphalt Specifications.
tie-down.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
3.1.9 multiple surface treatment—two or more surface treat-
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2399 – 12 (2017).
DOI: 10.1520/D2399-21.
ments placed one on the other.The maximum aggregate size of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
each successive treatment is usually one half that of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
previous one, and the total thickness is about the same as the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. nominal maximum size aggregate particles of the first course.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2399 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) D2399 − 21
Standard Practice for
1
Selection of Cutback Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section 1 was updated editorially in October 2017.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving and allied
uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2026D2026/D2026M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)
D2027D2027/D2027M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)
D2028D2028/D2028M Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 bitumen-aggregate applications—the spraying of liquid bitumen on prepared aggregate or pavement surfaces, which
subsequently are covered with graded aggregate.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on Asphalt
Specifications.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2021. Published October 2017November 2021. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20122017
as D2399 – 12.D2399 – 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D2399-12R17E01.10.1520/D2399-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2399 − 21
3.1.2 bitumen-aggregate mixture—a combination of bituminous material and aggregate that is physically mixed by mechanical
and thermal means, spread on the job site, and compacted.
3.1.3 bitumen applications—the uses of sprayed bituminous coatings not involving the use of aggregates. Uses of liquid bitumen
in this group are all classed as treatments. (See surface treatments.)
3.1.4 cold-laid plant mix—a mixture of liquid bitumen and mineral aggregate prepared in a central bituminous mixing plant and
spread and compacted at the job site when the mixture is at or near ambient temperature.
3.1.5 dense-graded aggregate—aggregate that is graded from the maximum size down to filler with the object of obtaining a
bituminous mix with a controlled void content and high stability.
3.1.6 dust binder—a light application of bituminous material for the express purpose of laying and bonding loose dust.
3.1.7 mixed-in-place (road mix)—a bituminous course produced by mixing mineral aggregate and liquid bitumen at the job site
by means of travel plants, motor graders, drags, or special road-mixing equipment. Pavement base and surfaces, mixed in place,
may utilize open-graded aggregates (3.1.10), dense-graded aggregates (3.1.5), sand (3.1.15), or sandy soil (3.1.17).
3.1.8 mulch treatment—a spray application of bituminous material used to temporarily stabilize
...
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