ASTM D6087-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers several radar evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence of delamination.
1.2 The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion is initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients.
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delaminations which are localized over the diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges which have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfect reflectors of EM waves, since the wave impedances for metals are zero.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 A precision and bias statement has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
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Designation:D6087–03
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using
1
Ground Penetrating Radar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6087; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers several radar evaluation proce-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bridgedecksoverlaidwithasphalticconcretewearingsurfaces.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence
1.6 A precision and bias statement has not been developed
of delamination.
at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for
1.2 The most serious form of deterioration is that which is
acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion is
initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the
2. Summary of Test Method
winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the
2.1 A vehicle equipped with a short-pulse ground penetrat-
corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix
ing radar, data acquisition device, recording device, and data
ingredients.
processing and interpretation equipment makes repeated
1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and
passes, parallel to centerline across an asphalt covered bridge
creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at
deck at specified locations. Bridge deck condition is quantified
or just above the level of the reinforcement.The fracture plane,
based on the data obtained.
or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a
substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the rein-
3. Significance and Use
forcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one
3.1 This test method provides information on the condition
delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete
of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete
surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible
without necessitating removal of the overlay, or other destruc-
on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the
tive procedures.
delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued
3.2 A systematic approach to bridge deck rehabilitation
corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck.
requires considerable data on the condition of the decks. In the
1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating
past, data has been collected using the traditional methods of
bridges with delaminations which are localized over the
visual inspection supplemented by physical testing and coring.
diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges which have
Such methods have proven to be tedious, expensive and of
cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the
limited accuracy. Consequently, radar provides a mechanism to
bridgeorforwhichaconductiveaggregatehasbeenusedinthe
rapidly survey bridges in a non-contact, non-destructive man-
asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are
ner.
perfect reflectors of EM waves, since the wave impedances for
3.3 Information on the condition of asphalt-covered, con-
metals are zero.
crete bridge decks is needed to estimate bridge deck condition
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
for maintenance and rehabilitation, to provide cost-effective
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information necessary for rehabilitation contracts.
information only. Specific precautionary statements are given
in Section 5.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Radar System—Air-coupled, short-pulse monostatic ra-
dar(s) with a monocycle pulse, 150 mm (6 in.) free space
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
resolution and a 50 scan/s data rate, minimum.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
4.2 Data Acquisition System—A data acquisition system,
Bridges and Structures.
consisting of equipment for gathering radar data at the maxi-
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 6087-97 (2001). mumdatarateoftheradarsystem(s),50kHzforoneradar,100
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