ASTM E1757-01
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Compositional Analysis
Standard Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Compositional Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Preparation Method A—Method suitable for the preparation of large quantities (>20 g) of field collected samples into a form appropriate for compositional analysis. Woody samples must first be available as chips of a nominal 5 by 5 by 0.6 cm (2 by 2 by ¼ in.) or less and twigs not exceeding 0.6 cm (¼ in.) diameter. Herbaceous materials may be processed as whole straw. It is recommended that wastepaper should be shredded into pieces less then 1 cm (½ in.) wide. Furthermore, it is recommended that twigs, straw and wastepaper should not exceed 61 cm (24 in.) in length to facilitate handling.
Preparation Methods B and C—Test methods are suitable for very moist feedstocks, samples that would not be stable during prolonged exposure to ambient conditions, or for drying materials when room conditions deviate from the ambient conditions described in 3.1.1. These test methods are also suitable for handling small samples of biomass (20 g). The drying step is done in a convection oven at 45°C (Test Method B) or by lyophilization (Test Method C).
This practice is not intended for materials that will already pass through a 20 mesh sieve or cannot be dried by the described methods to a total solids content of greater then 85 %, based on an oven dried weight.
This practice will separate the milled material into two fractions, a −20/+80 mesh fraction and a −80 mesh fraction.
4.4.1 Extraneous inorganic materials will accumulate in the -80 mesh fraction and it should be analyzed independently from the -20/+80 mesh fraction. Weighted results from the two fractions can then be combined to obtain results for materials on an "as received" basis.
Note 1—During analysis, the very fine consistency of the -80 mesh fraction may cause problems in filtering operations and should be handled appropriately.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a reproducible way to convert hardwoods, softwoods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint), feedstocks pretreated to improve suitability for fermentation and fermentation residues into a uniform material suitable for compositional analysis.
1.2 Milling and sieving actions both produce large amounts of dust. This dust can be a nuisance hazard and irritant. Use appropriate respiratory protection as needed. If excessive amounts of dust are allowed to become airborne a potential explosion hazard is possible. Provide appropriate dust control measures as needed.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:E1757–01
Standard Practice for
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Preparation of Biomass for Compositional Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1757; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 prepared biomass—biomass that has been prepared
according to this practice.
1.1 This practice covers a reproducible way to convert
hardwoods, softwoods, herbaceous materials (such as switch-
4. Significance and Use
grass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover,
4.1 Preparation Method A—Method suitable for the prepa-
wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste,
rationoflargequantities(>20g)offieldcollectedsamplesinto
boxboard, and newsprint), feedstocks pretreated to improve
a form appropriate for compositional analysis.Woody samples
suitability for fermentation and fermentation residues into a
must first be available as chips of a nominal 5 by 5 by 0.6 cm
uniform material suitable for compositional analysis.
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(2 by 2 by ⁄4 in.) or less and twigs not exceeding 0.6 cm ( ⁄4
1.2 Milling and sieving actions both produce large amounts
in.)diameter.Herbaceousmaterialsmaybeprocessedaswhole
of dust. This dust can be a nuisance hazard and irritant. Use
straw. It is recommended that wastepaper should be shredded
appropriate respiratory protection as needed. If excessive
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into pieces less then 1 cm ( ⁄2 in.) wide. Furthermore, it is
amounts of dust are allowed to become airborne a potential
recommended that twigs, straw and wastepaper should not
explosion hazard is possible. Provide appropriate dust control
exceed 61 cm (24 in.) in length to facilitate handling.
measures as needed.
4.2 Preparation Methods B and C—Test methods are suit-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
able for very moist feedstocks, samples that would not be
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
stable during prolonged exposure to ambient conditions, or for
information only.
drying materials when room conditions deviate from the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ambient conditions described in 3.1.1. These test methods are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
also suitable for handling small samples of biomass (<20 g).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The drying step is done in a convection oven at 45°C (Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Method B) or by lyophilization (Test Method C).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 This practice is not intended for materials that will
2. Referenced Documents alreadypassthrougha20meshsieveorcannotbedriedbythe
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described methods to a total solids content of greater then
2.1 ASTM Standards:
85%, based on an oven dried weight.
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
4.4 This practice will separate the milled material into two
poses
fractions, a −20/+80 mesh fraction and a −80 mesh fraction.
3. Terminology
4.4.1 Extraneous inorganic materials will accumulate in the
-80 mesh fraction and it should be analyzed independently
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
fromthe-20/+80meshfraction.Weightedresultsfromthetwo
3.1.1 ambient conditions—a temperature of 20 to 30°C (68
fractions can then be combined to obtain results for materials
to 85°F), less than 50% relative humidity.
on an 9as received9 basis.
NOTE 1—During analysis, the very fine consistency of the -80 mesh
fractionmaycauseproblemsinfilteringoperationsandshouldbehandled
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Biotech-
appropriately.
nology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass
Conversion.
5. Apparatus
Current edition approved November 10, 2001. Published February 2002.
Originally published as E1757-95. Last previous edition E 1757-95.
5.1 Balance, sensitive to 0.1 g.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Riffle Sampler with Pans—Amanualsampledividerthat
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
splits the milled biomass into a number of alternate elements.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Riffledivisionsshouldbeintherangefrom6.4mmto12.7mm
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1757–01
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( ⁄4to ⁄2in.)withatleasttwenty-fourriffleopeningsacrossthe 6.8 If multiple sieved samples were combine
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