ASTM D5102-09

Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 2018)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Compression testing of soil-lime specimens is performed to determine unconfined compressive strength of the cured soil-lime-water mixture to determine the suitability of the mixture for uses such as in pavement bases and subbases, stabilized subgrades, and structural fills.
Compressive strength data are used in soil-lime mix design procedures: (a) to determine if a soil will achieve a significant strength increase with the addition of lime; (b) to group soil-lime mixtures into strength classes; (c) to study the effects of variables such as lime percentage, unit weight, water content, curing time, curing temperature, etc.; and (d) to estimate other engineering properties of soil-lime mixtures.
Lime is generally classified as calcitic or dolomitic. Usually in soil stabilization, high-calcium lime [CaO] or dolomitic lime [CaO + MgO] are used. The lime is transformed from oxide to hydroxide form [[Ca(OH)2 or [Ca(OH)2 + Mg(OH)2]] by the addition of water in the soil, a slurry tank, or at a manufacturing facility. Lime may increase the strength of cohesive soil. The type of lime in combination with soil type influences the resulting compressive strength.
Note 2—The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D3740. Not withstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facility used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing, curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-lime and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining unconfined compressive strength. This test method can be used for specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other target unit weight and water content levels. Other applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
Note 1—Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive soils. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime producers hydrate various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a lime-based product.  
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D2166.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:  
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-diameter ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method provides the standard measure of compressive strength.
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods D698 compaction equipment and molds commonly available in most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to provide relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of test specimens rather than standard compressive strength values. Because of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B will normally be greater than that by Procedure A.  
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained using Procedure A.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in th...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2009
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.15 - Stabilization With Admixtures

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5102 −09
Standard Test Methods for
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.3.3 Resultsofunconfinedcompressivestrengthtestsusing
ProcedureBshouldnotbedirectlycomparedtothoseobtained
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing,
using Procedure A.
curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-
lime and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
unconfinedcompressivestrength.Thistestmethodcanbeused guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
for specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and Practice D6026.
optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other 1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
target unit weight and water content levels. Other applications calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use. theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
NOTE 1—Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive
standard is beyond its scope.
soils. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by
1.5 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils.
cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime
producers hydrate various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a
Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics,
lime-based product.
etc. can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may affect the
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accor-
test results using this method.
dance with Test Methods D2166.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to- system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
diameter ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
provides the standard measure of compressive strength. with the standard.
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and
1.6.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
D698compactionequipmentandmoldscommonlyavailablein
(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to isslugs.Therationalizedslugunitisnotgiven,unlessdynamic
provide relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
test specimens rather than standard compressive strength 1.6.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
values. Because of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
thecylinders,compressivestrengthdeterminedbyProcedureB of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two
will normally be greater than that by Procedure A.
separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the
gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine
theuseoftwoseparatesetsofinch-poundunitswithinasingle
1
standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoil
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization
system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug
With Admixtures.
unitformass.However,theuseofbalancesorscalesrecording
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
3
pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5102–04. DOI:
10.1520/D5102-09. be regarded as non-conformance with this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5102−09
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the ation may take place du
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5102–04 Designation: D5102 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing, curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-lime
and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining unconfined compressive strength. This test method can be used for
specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other target unit weight
and water content levels. Other applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
NOTE 1—Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive soils.
Limekilndust(LKD)iscollectedfromthekilnexhaustgasesbycyclone,electrostatic,orbaghouse-typecollectionsystems.Somelimeproducershydrate
various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a lime-based product.
1.2Cored1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D2166.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-diameter
ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method provides the standard measure of compressive strength.
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods D698
compaction equipment and molds commonly available in most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to provide
relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of test specimens rather than standard compressive strength values. Because
of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B will normally be
greater than that by Procedure A.
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained
using Procedure A.
1.4All1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026.
1.4.1The1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related
to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
standard is beyond its scope.
1.5Lime1.5 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics,
etc. can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may affect the test results using this method.
1.6The1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F =
ma) calculations are involved.
1.6.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of
mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the
gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for
3
mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft shall not be regarded
as non-conformance with this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabili
...