ASTM F1447-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Helmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating
Standard Specification for Helmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating
ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured for use by recreational bicyclists or roller skaters. This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performance standard and is not intended to restrict design. Helmets shall be impacted with anvils centered on or above the prescribed test line. The test anvils can be oriented in any horizontal, centered position. One each hot, cold, wet, and ambient helmet shall be impacted using the flat and hemispherical anvils only. The curbstone anvil shall be used to impact one time each of the second set of four samples, one conditioned under each of the four conditioning environments. The peak acceleration of the impulse during the impact shall be measured. The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positional stability (roll-off) test, while the hot, cold, and wet helmets shall be subjected to the dynamic strength retention test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured for use by recreational bicyclists or roller skaters. This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performance standard and is not intended to restrict design.
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted herein.
1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the standard and should not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of the standard.
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Designation:F1447 −12 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Helmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 recreational roller skating, n—skating horizontally
using quads or in-lines but not roller hockey or trick roller
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for
skating such as ramp jumping, sliding sideways, or skating on
helmets manufactured for use by recreational bicyclists or
stairs.
roller skaters. This specification recognizes the desirability of
lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a
4. Headforms
performance standard and is not intended to restrict design.
4.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are as
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall
specified in the section on Test Headforms of Test Methods
beinaccordancewithTestMethodsF1446,exceptwherenoted
F1446, using the variable mass drop assembly configuration.
herein.
The appropriate size headform shall be selected in accordance
1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited.Any
with the section on Headform Size of Test Methods F1446 for
statement of compliance with this specification shall be a
the helmet to be tested.
certification that the product meets all of the requirements of
4.2 In addition to the provisions ofTest Methods F1446, the
the specification in its entirety.Aproduct that fails to meet any
center of gravity of the headform must be within a 10° vertical
one of the requirements of this specification is considered to
conefromthecenterofimpactandliewithinarectangulararea
have failed the standard and should not be sold with any
28 by 12.8 mm oriented as shown in Fig. 1. The center of
indication that it meets parts of the standard.
gravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm millime-
ters of the Z-X plane, which is defined for twin wire systems as
2. Referenced Documents
the plane containing the axes of the two guide wires, and for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
monorail systems as the plane containing the design center of
F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in
the headform and the axis of the monorail. The center of
Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective
gravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm of theY-Z
Headgear
plane on the side opposite the arm of the ball arm and within
F2043 Classification for Bicycle Usage
21.6 mm of the Y-Z plane on the side containing the ball arm
where the Y-Z plane is perpendicular to the Z-X plane and
3. Terminology
contains the design center of the headform. Please see Fig. 1.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
The center of the anvil must be fixed in alignment with the
3.1.1 recreational bicycling, n—bicycling in conditions up
center vertical axis of the accelerometer.
to Condition 3 as specified in Classification F2043.
3.1.2 in-lines, n—roller skates with all wheels on each skate 5. Anvils and Impact Velocities
arranged along a single longitudinal line.
5.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specification
3.1.3 quads, n—roller skates with four wheels on each skate
are the flat, hemispherical, and curbstone anvils described in
arranged in a rectangular pattern. the section on Apparatus of Test Methods F1446.
5.2 The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil to
achieve an impact velocity of 6.2 m/s (corresponding to a
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
theoretical drop height of 2.0 m).
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.
5.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the hemispherical and
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
curbstone anvils to achieve an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1447 – 06. DOI:
(corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.2 m).
10.1520/F1447-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 Theimpactvelocityshallbemeasuredduringthelast40
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 63 % of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. velocities specified in 5.2 and 5.3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F1447–06 Designation: F1447 – 12
Standard Specification for
1
Helmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured for use by recreational bicyclists or roller
skaters. This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performance
standard and is not intended to restrict design.
1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where noted
herein.
1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be a
certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet any one
of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the standard and should not be sold with any indication that
it meets parts of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective Headgear
F2043 Classification for Bicycle Usage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 recreational bicycling, n—bicycling in conditions up to Condition 43 as specified in Classification F2043.
3.1.2 in-lines, n—roller skates with all wheels on each skate arranged along a single longitudinal line.
3.1.3 quads, n—roller skates with four wheels on each skate arranged in a rectangular pattern.
3.1.4 recreationalrollerskating,n—skatinghorizontallyusingquadsorin-linesbutnotrollerhockeyortrickrollerskatingsuch
as ramp jumping, sliding sideways, or skating on stairs.
4. Headforms
4.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are as specified in the section on Test Headforms of Test Methods F1446, using
the variable mass drop assembly configuration. The appropriate size headform shall be selected in accordance with the section on
Headform Size of Test Methods F1446 for the helmet to be tested.
4.2 In addition to the provisions of Test Methods F1446, the center of gravity of the headform must be within a 10° vertical
cone from the center of impact and lie within a rectangular area 28 by 12.8 mm oriented as shown in Fig. 1. The center of gravity
of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm millimeters of the Z-X plane, which is defined for twin wire systems as the plane
containing the axes of the two guide wires, and for monorail systems as the plane containing the design center of the headform
and the axis of the monorail. The center of gravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm of the Y-Z plane on the side
opposite the arm of the ball arm and within 21.6 mm of the Y-Z plane on the side containing the ball arm where the Y-Z plane
is perpendicular to the Z-X plane and contains the design center of the headform. Please see Fig. 1. The center of the anvil must
be fixed in alignment with the center vertical axis of the accelerometer.
5. Anvils and Impact Velocities
5.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specification are the flat, hemispherical, and curbstone anvils described in the
section on Apparatus of Test Methods F1446.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 on
Headgear and Helmets.
Current edition approved MayJuly 1, 2006.2012. Published May 2006.August 2012. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20022006 as
F1447 – 026. DOI: 10.1520/F1447-06.10.1520/F1447-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F1447 – 12
NOTE 1—Overview of ball-arm as installed on impact test apparatus.
NOTE 2—Coordinate system as defined in
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