ASTM F2054-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Burst Testing of Flexible Package Seals Using Internal Air Pressurization Within Restraining Plates
Standard Test Method for Burst Testing of Flexible Package Seals Using Internal Air Pressurization Within Restraining Plates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test provides a rapid means of evaluating tendencies for package seal failure when the package is exposed to a pressure differential. Pressure differentials may occur during such processes as sterilization and transportation. This test method provides an indicator of the burst strength of a package, where the burst will normally occur in one or more areas of the seal. An indicator of the minimum burst strength may be of importance to the package manufacturer and end user in ensuring adequate package integrity. This test method cannot provide a measure of package seal uniformity. This test method also cannot provide an evaluation of overall package integrity or the burst strength of areas of the package that contact the surface of the restraining plates used. This test method should be combined with other methods of evaluating overall package integrity, uniformity of the package seal, or opening functionality, if so required.
This test frequently is used to quickly evaluate package seal strength during the manufacturing process and at various stages of the package’life cycle.
If correlations between pieces of test equipment are to be made it is important that all parameters of the test be equivalent. Typical parameters can include, but are not limited to the package size, material, type and configuration of seal, rate of air flow into the package, pressure detection sensing mechanism and sensitivity (machine response to pressure drop), position of test article, rigidity of restraining plates, and distance between restraining plates. See Appendix X2 for further information.
This test may not necessarily provide correlation with package seal strength as typically measured using Test Methods F 1140 or F 88 (or equivalents).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedure for determining the minimum burst strength of a seal placed around the perimeter of a flexible package as it is internally pressurized and enclosed within restraining plates.
1.2 The test methods described herein are functionally similar to Test Methods F 1140 with the exception of the use of restraining plates. Test Methods F 1140 describes methods of burst testing that do not include the use of restraining plates and are suitable to determine a packages general ability to withstand pressurization stresses. Under Test Methods F 1140 the stresses are not distributed uniformly to all areas of the package seal. Under unrestrained conditions the stress on the package is highest at the middle of the pouch where it inflates to the packages maximum diameter; therefore, Test Methods F 1140 may not reliably detect the weakest area of the seal.
1.3 The burst test internally and increasingly pressurizes a package until an area of the package seal around the perimeter "bursts" open in response to pressurization. By placing the package within restraining plates during pressurization, the dimensional stability of the package is maintained in a manner that results in stresses applied more uniformly along the perimeter of the package, where seals are normally placed. This allows the test to have a higher probability of detecting the weakest area of the seal and provide a measurement of the pressure required to "burst" open the package.
1.4 This test only applies to flexible packages with seals placed around the perimeter of a flexible package (often referred to as a pouch). In particular it is intended as applicable to packages with seals that have a peelable seal feature (peeled open by end user to remove contents of package).
1.4.1 Porous barrier materials' failure to reach adequate pressure to burst the package seals may be due to insufficient volume flow. See Appendix X4 for information.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabili...
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Designation:F2054 −07
StandardTest Method for
Burst Testing of Flexible Package Seals Using Internal Air
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Pressurization Within Restraining Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the procedure for determining
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the minimum burst strength of a seal placed around the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
perimeter of a flexible package as it is internally pressurized
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular caution
and enclosed within restraining plates.
is advised where users of this procedure may be required to
1.2 The test methods described herein are functionally
design and fabricate restraining plate fixtures. Reference Ap-
similar toTest Methods F1140 with the exception of the use of
pendix X3 for further information regarding calculation of
restraining plates. Test Methods F1140 describes methods of
stress factors and structural design considerations.
burst testing that do not include the use of restraining plates
and are suitable to determine a packages general ability to
2. Referenced Documents
withstand pressurization stresses. Under Test Methods F1140
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
the stresses are not distributed uniformly to all areas of the
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D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
package seal. Under unrestrained conditions the stress on the
D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
package is highest at the middle of the pouch where it inflates
Packaging Components for Testing
to the packages maximum diameter; therefore, Test Methods
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
F1140 may not reliably detect the weakest area of the seal.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 The burst test internally and increasingly pressurizes a
F88Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier
package until an area of the package seal around the perimeter
Materials
“bursts” open in response to pressurization. By placing the
F1140Test Methods for Internal Pressurization Failure Re-
package within restraining plates during pressurization, the
sistance of Unrestrained Packages
dimensional stability of the package is maintained in a manner
F1327Terminology Relating to Barrier Materials for Medi-
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that results in stresses applied more uniformly along the
cal Packaging (Withdrawn 2007)
perimeter of the package, where seals are normally placed.
Thisallowsthetesttohaveahigherprobabilityofdetectingthe
3. Terminology
weakest area of the seal and provide a measurement of the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms used in this test
pressure required to “burst” open the package.
method, see Terminology F1327.
1.4 This test only applies to flexible packages with seals
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
placed around the perimeter of a flexible package (often
3.2.1 flexible package or pouch, n—refers to a package in
referredtoasapouch).Inparticularitisintendedasapplicable
which at least one of the sealed materials is of a flexible
to packages with seals that have a peelable seal feature (peeled
structure (that is, paper, polyethylene, and so forth).
open by end user to remove contents of package).
1.4.1 Porous barrier materials’ failure to reach adequate 3.2.2 restraining plates, n—refers to plates that are rigid in
pressure to burst the package seals may be due to insufficient nature and configured to contact and limit the packages
volume flow. See Appendix X4 for information. expandable surface area as the package is pressurized.
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF02onFlexible For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Physical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2054–00 (2005). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/F2054-07. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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