ASTM A847-99a(2003)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded and seamless high-strength, low-alloy round, square, rectangular, or special shaped structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general structural purposes where high strength and enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance are required (Note 1). The atmospheric corrosion resistance of this steel in most environments is substantially better than carbon steel with or without copper addition (Note 2). When properly exposed to the atmosphere, this steel can be used bare (unpainted) for many applications. When this steel is used in welded construction, the welding procedure shall be suitable for the steel and the intended service.
1.2 This tubing is produced in welded sizes with a maximum periphery of 64 in. (1626 mm) and a maximum wall of 0.625 in. (15.88 mm), and in seamless with a maximum periphery of 32 in. (813 mm) and a maximum wall of 0.500 in. (12.70 mm). Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished provided such tubing complies with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1-Products manufactured to this specification may not be suitable for those applications where low temperature notch toughness properties may be important, such as dynamically loaded elements in welded structures, etc.
Note 2-For methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steels see Guide G 101 or actual data.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 847 – 99a (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength, Low-
Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric
Corrosion Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 847; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
of Steel Products
1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded and seam-
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
less high-strength, low-alloy round, square, rectangular, or
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
special shaped structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
construction of bridges and buildings and for general structural
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
purposes where high strength and enhanced atmospheric cor-
G 101 Guide For Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion
rosion resistance are required (Note 1). The atmospheric
Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
corrosion resistance of this steel in most environments is
substantially better than carbon steel with or without copper
3. Ordering Information
addition (Note 2). When properly exposed to the atmosphere,
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
this steel can be used bare (unpainted) for many applications.
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
When this steel is used in welded construction, the welding
material adequately:
procedure shall be suitable for the steel and the intended
3.1.1 ASTM specification number,
service.
3.1.2 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
1.2 This tubing is produced in welded sizes with a maxi-
3.1.3 Name of material (cold-formed tubing),
mum periphery of 64 in. (1626 mm) and a maximum wall of
3.1.4 Method of manufacture (welded or seamless),
0.625 in. (15.88 mm), and in seamless with a maximum
3.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness for
periphery of 32 in. (813 mm) and a maximum wall of 0.500 in.
round tubing and the outside dimensions and nominal wall
(12.70 mm).Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished
thickness for square and rectangular tubing),
provided such tubing complies with all other requirements of
3.1.6 Length (specific or random, see 10.3),
this specification.
3.1.7 End condition (see 14.2),
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.8 Burr removal (see 14.2),
as the standard.
3.1.9 Certification (see Section 17),
NOTE 1—Products manufactured to this specification may not be
3.1.10 End use, and
suitable for those applications where low temperature notch toughness
3.1.11 Special requirements.
properties may be important, such as dynamically loaded elements in
welded structures, etc.
4. Process
NOTE 2—For methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resis-
4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following
tance of low alloy steels see Guide G 101 or actual data.
processes: open hearth, basic oxygen, or electric furnace.
2. Referenced Documents
2 5. Manufacture
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The tubing shall be made by a welded or seamless
process.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
5.2 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled steel by
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the electric-resistance welding or electric-fusion welding pro-
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
cess. The longitudinal butt joint shall be welded across its
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 847 – 99.
thicknessinsuchamannerthatthestructuraldesignstrengthof
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the tubing section is assured.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2.1 Structural tubing welded by the electric-resistance
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
method is normally furnished without removal of inside flash.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 847 – 99a (2003)
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
5.3 The tubing may be stress relieved or annealed, as is
considered necessary by the tubing manufacturer, to conform Elements Heat Analysis Product Analysis
to the requirements of this specification.
Carbon, max 0.20 0.24
Manganese, max 1.35 1.40
A
Phosphorus, max 0.15
6. Chemical Composition
Sulphur, max 0.05 0.06
B B
Copper, min 0.20 0.18
6.1 The choice and use of alloying elements combined with
A
carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, and copper shall be Because of the degree to which phosphorus segregates, product analysis for
this element is not technologically appropriate for rephosphorized steels unless
within the limits prescribed in Section 7 to give the mechanical
misapplication is clearly indicated.
properties prescribed inTable 1 and to provide the atmospheric B
If chromium and silicon contents are each 0.50 minimum, then the copper
corrosion resistance of 1.1. The choice and use of these minimums do not apply.
elements shall be made by the manufacturer and included and
reported in the heat analysis to identify the type of steel
10.1.1 Round Structural Tubing—The outside diameter
applied. Elements commonly added include chromium, nickel,
shall not vary more than 60.5 %, rounded to the nearest 0.005
silicon, vanadium, titanium, and zirconium. For Specification
in. (0.13 mm), of the nominal outside diameter size specified
A 847 material, the atmospheric corrosion-resistance index,
for nominal outside diameters 1.900 in. (48.26 mm) and
calculated on the basis of the chemical composition of the steel
smaller; 60.75%,roundedtothenearest0.005in.,fornominal
as described in Guide G 101, shall be 6.0 or higher.
outside diameters 2 in. (50.8 mm) and larger. The outside
diameter measurements shall be made at positions at least 2 in.
NOTE 3—The user is cautioned that the Guide G 101 predictive
equation for calculation of an atmospheric corrosion-resistance index has
(50.8 mm) from either end of the tubing.
been verified only for the composition limits stated in that guide.
10.1.2 Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing—The
specified dimensions, measured across the flats at a position at
7. Heat Analysis
least 2 in. (50.8 mm) from either end of the tubing and
7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirements
including an allowance for convexity or concavity, shall not
specified in Table 2 for heat analysis.
exceed the plus and minus tolerances shown in Table 3.
10.2 Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thickness at any
8. Product Analysis
point of measurement on the tubing shall be not more than
8.1 The tubing shall be capable of comforming to the
10 % less than the nominal wall thickness specified. The
requirements specified in Table 2 for product analysis.
maximum wall thickness, excluding the weld seam of welded
8.2 If product analyses are made, they shall be made using
tubing, shall be not more than 10 % greater than the nominal
test specimens taken from two lengths of tubing from each lot
wall thickness specified. The wall thickness on square and
of 500 lengths, or a fraction thereof, or two pieces of flat-rolled
rectangular tubing is to be measured at the center of the flat.
stock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolled
10.3 Length—Structural tubing is normally produced in
stock.Methodsandpracticesrelatingtochemicalanalysisshall
random mill lengths 5 ft (1.5 m) and over, in multiple lengths,
be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminol-
and in specified mill lengths (see Section 3). When specified
ogy A 751. Such product analyses shall conform to the
mill lengths are ordered, the length tolerance shall be in
requirements specified in Table 2 for product analysis.
accordance with Table 4.
8.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail to
10.4 Straightness—The permissible variation for straight-
conform to the specified requirements, the lot shall be rejected.
ness of structural tubing shall be ⁄8 in. times the number of feet
8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails to
(10.4 mm times the number of metres) of total length divided
conform to the specified requirements, product analyses shall
by 5.
bemadeusingtwoadditionaltestspecimenstakenfromthelot.
10.5 SquarenessofSides—Forsquareandrectangularstruc-
Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specified
tural tubing, adjacent sides may deviate from 90° by a
requirements or the lot shall be rejected.
tolerance of 62° maximum.
10.6 Radius of Corners—For square or rectangular struc-
9. Tensile Requirements
tural tubing, the radius of any outside corner of the section
9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen, shall shall not exceed three times the specified wall thickness.
conform to the tensile property requirements prescribed in
Table 1.
TABLE 3 Outside Dimension Tolerances for Square and
Rectangular Tubing
10. Permissible Variations and Dimensions
Largest outside dimension
A
Tolerance, 6 in. (mm)
across flats, in. (mm)
10.1 Outside Dimensions:
2 ⁄2 (63.5) and under 0.020 (0.51)
1 1
Over 2 ⁄2 to 3 ⁄2 (63.5 to 88.9), incl 0.025 (0.64)
1 1
Over 3 ⁄2 to 5 ⁄2 (88.9 to 139.7), incl 0.030 (0.76)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements for Round and Shaped Tubing
Over 5 ⁄2 (139.7) 1 %
Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 70 000 (483)
A
Tolerances include allowance for convexity or concavity. For rectangular
Yield strength, min, psi (MPa) 50 000 (345)
sections, the tolerance calculated for the larger flat dimension shall also apply to
A
Elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm) min, % 19
the smaller flat dimension. This tolerance may be increased 50 % when applied to
A
Applies to specified wall thicknesses 0.120 in. (3.05 mm) and over. For lighter the smaller dimension if the ratio of the external sides is in the range of 1.5 to 3,
wall thicknesses, elongation shall be by agreement with the manufacturer. inclusive; the tolerance may be increased 100 % when the ratio exceeds 3.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 847 – 99a (2003)
TABLE 4 Specified Mill Length
laminated or unsound material or of incomplete weld that is
Tolerances for Structural Tubing revealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause for
22 ft (6.7 m) and under Over 22 ft (6.7 m)
rejection.
Over Under Over Under
12.3 For seamless round structural tubing of 2 ⁄8 in. (60.3
1 1 3 1
Length tolerance ⁄2 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4
mm)outsidediameterandlarger,asectionnotlessthan2 ⁄2 in.
for specified mill (12.7) (6.4) (19.0) (6.4)
length, in. (mm) (63.5 mm) in length shall be flattened cold between parallel
plates in two steps. During the first step, which is a test for
ductility, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces,
except as provided for in 12.4, shall occur until the distance
10.7 Twist—The tolerances for twist, or variation with
between the plates is less than the value ofH, calculated by the
respect to axial alignment of the section, for square and
following equation:
rectangular structural tubing shall be as shown in Table 5.
Twist is measured by holding down on a flat surface plate one
H 5 ~1 1e!t/~e 1t/D!
end of a square or rectangular tube, with the bottom side of the
where:
tube parallel to the surface plate and either (1) noting the
H = distance between flattening plates, in. (mm),
difference in height above the surface plate of the two corners
e = deformation per unit length, 0.06,
at the opposite end of the bottom side of the tube, or (2)by
t = nominal wall thickness of tubing, in. (mm), and
measuring this difference on the heavier sections by a suitable
D = actual outside diameter of tubing, in. (mm).
measuring device. The difference in the height of the corners
12.3.1 Duringthesecondstep,whichisatestforsoundness,
shall not exceed the values of Table 5. Twist measurements are
continue the flattening until the specimen breaks or the
not to be taken within 2 in. (50.8 mm) of either end of the
opposite walls of the tubing meet. Evidence of laminated or
product.
unsound material that is revealed during the entire flattening
test shall be cause for rejection.
11. Special Shaped Structural Tubing
12.4 Surface imperfections not found in the test specimen
11.1 The dimensions and tolerances of special shaped struc-
before flattening, but revealed during the first step of the
tural tubing are available by inquiry and negotiation with the
flattening test, shall be judged in accordance with Section 14.
manufacturer.
12.5 When low D-to- t-ratio tubulars are tested, the strain
imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the inside
12. Flattening Test
surface at the 6 to 12 o’clock locations; therefore, cracks at
12.1 The flattening test shall be made on round structural
these locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t-
tubing. A flattening test is not required for shaped structural
ratio is less than 10.
tubing.
12.2 For welded round structural tubing, a specimen at least
13. Test Methods
4 in. (101.6 mm) in length shall be flattened cold between
13.1 The tension specimens required by this specification
parallel plates in three steps, with the weld located at 90° from
shall conform to those described in the latest issue of Methods
the line of direction of force. During the first step, which is a
and Definitions A 370, Supplementary Requirements II.
test for ductility of the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside
13.2 The tension test specimens shall be taken longitudi-
or outside surfaces shall occur until the distance between the
nally from a section of the finished tubing at a location at least
plates is less than two thirds of the original outside diameter of
90° from the weld in the case of welded tubing, and shall not
the tubing. As a second step, the flattening shall be continued.
be flattened between gage marks. If desired, the tension tests
During the second step, which is a test for ductility exclusive
may be made on the full section of the tubing; otherwise, a
of the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside
longitudinal strip-test s
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