ASTM D1105-21

Standard Test Method for Preparation of Extractive-Free Wood

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Extractives are materials soluble in neutral solvents. They are not generally considered part of the wood polymer structure. These materials should be removed before any chemical analysis of the wood. Ethanol-benzene extracts waxes, fats, some resins, and portions of wood gums. Hot water extracts tannins, gums, sugars, starches, and coloring matter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation of extractive-free wood and is applicable to all North American woods. Extractives in wood consist of materials that are soluble in neutral solvents and that are not a part of the wood.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.2.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2021
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1105 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1,2
Preparation of Extractive-Free Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Alternatively, a small wad of cotton or a wire screen may be
placedinthedischargetubeoftheextractorandtheentirebody
1.1 This test method covers the preparation of extractive-
of the extractor filled with the wood sample.Athin wire screen
free wood and is applicable to all North American woods.
disk placed over the top of the material will prevent channeling
Extractives in wood consist of materials that are soluble in
by the dripping condensate.
neutral solvents and that are not a part of the wood.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Reagents
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Ethanol (95 %).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Ethanol-Toluene Mixture—Mix 1.0 L of absolute etha-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. nol and 427 mL of toluene. (Warning—Avoid inhalation of
vapors and contact with skin.)
Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.2.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Sample
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 The sample shall consist of air-dry sawdust or coarsely
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
milled wood that has been reduced by means of aWiley mill so
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
as to pass through a 250-µm (60 mesh) sieve and be retained on
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a 180-µm (80 mesh) sieve. The milled sample should then be
air-dried.
2. Significance and Use
6. Procedure
2.1 Extractives are materials soluble in neutral solvents.
They are not generally considered part of the wood polymer
6.1 Place a suitable quantity of the sample in the extraction
structure. These materials should be removed before any
thimble, being certain that the wood does not extend above the
chemical analysis of the wood. Ethanol-benzene extracts
level of the top of the siphon tube. Extract for 4 h with
waxes, fats, some resins, and portions of wood gums. Hot
ethanol-toluene mixture in the Soxhlet extraction apparatus.
water extracts tannins, gums, sugars, starches, and coloring
Extraction with each solvent should be carried out at a rate of
matter.
not less than four siphonings per hour. Transfer the wood to a
Büchner funnel, remove the excess solvent with suction, and
3. Apparatus
washthethimbleandwoodwithethanoltoremovethetoluene.
If the thimble is nearly full, a Gooch crucible of suitable size
3.1 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus—A glass Soxhlet extrac-
tion apparatus of suitable size for containing the sample, and may be placed in the rim of the thimble to keep the sample
together. Extraction w
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1105 − 96 (Reapproved 2013) D1105 − 21 Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 12 os-75
Standard Test Method for
1,2
Preparation of Extractive-Free Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the preparation of extractive-free wood and is applicable to all North American woods. Extractives
in wood consist of materials that are soluble in neutral solvents and that are not a part of the wood.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.2.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 Extractives are materials soluble in neutral solvents. They are not generally considered part of the wood polymer structure.
These materials should be removed before any chemical analysis of the wood. Ethanol-benzene extracts waxes, fats, some resins,
and portions of wood gums. Hot water extracts tannins, gums, sugars, starches, and coloring matter.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus—A glass Soxhlet extraction apparatus of suitable size for containing the sample, and
fritted-glass filters, or cellulose, or Alundum extraction thimbles of medium to coarse porosity, will be required. porosity are
recommended. Bags of cotton cloth of fine weave and thoroughly washed, washed with extraction solvents, of a suitable size to
fit within the body of the extractor, are also satisfactory in place of the thimbles. Alternatively, a small wad of cotton or a wire
screen may be placed in the discharge tube of the extractor and the entire body of the extractor filled with the wood sample. A
thin wire screen disk placed over the top of the material will prevent channeling by the dripping condensate.
4. Reagents
4.1 Ethyl Alcohol Ethanol (95 %).
4.2 Ethanol-Toluene Mixture—Mix 1.0 L of absolute ethanol and 427 mL of toluene. (Warning—Avoid inhalation of vapors and
contact with skin.)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods
and Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2021. Published September 2013March 2021. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20072013
as D1105 – 96 (2007).D1105 – 96 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D1105-96R13.10.1520/D1105-21.
2
This standard was originally based upon TAPPI Standard Method T12 os-75, which has been replaced by T 264 cm-07.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1105 − 21
5. Sample
5.1 The sample shall consist of air-dry sawdust or coarsely milled wood that has been reduced by means of a Wiley mill so as
to pass through a 250-μm (60 mesh) sieve and be retained on a 180-μm sieve.(80 mesh) sieve. The milled sample should then be
air-dried.
6. Procedure
6.1 Place a suitable quantity of the sample in the extraction thimble, being certain that the wood does not extend above the level
of the top of the siphon tube. Extract for 4 h with ethanol-toluene mixture in the Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Extraction with each
solvent should be carried out at a rate of not less than four siphonings per hour. Transfer the wood to a Büchner funnel, remove
the excess solvent with suction, and wash the thimble and wood with alcoholethanol to remove the toluene. If the thimble is nearly
full, a Gooch crucible of suitable size may be placed in the rim of the thimble to keep the sample together. Extraction with each
solvent should be carried out at a rate of not less than four siphonings per hour. Return the wood
...