ASTM D7219-08(2014)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Isotropic and Near-isotropic Nuclear Graphites
Standard Specification for Isotropic and Near-isotropic Nuclear Graphites
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification, processing, and properties of nuclear grade graphite billets with dimensions sufficient to meet the designer’s requirements for fuel elements, moderator or reflector blocks, in a high temperature gas cooled reactor. The graphite classes specified here would be suitable for reactor core applications where neutron irradiation induced dimensional changes are a significant design consideration.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7219 −08 (Reapproved 2014) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Isotropic and Near-isotropic Nuclear Graphites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2638Test Method for Real Density of Calcined Petroleum
Coke by Helium Pycnometer
1.1 This specification covers the classification, processing,
IEEE/ASTM SI 10American National Standard for Use of
and properties of nuclear grade graphite billets with dimen-
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
sions sufficient to meet the designer’s requirements for fuel
System
elements, moderator or reflector blocks, in a high temperature
gas cooled reactor. The graphite classes specified here would 2.2 ASME Standard:
NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Requirements for
be suitable for reactor core applications where neutron irradia-
tion induced dimensional changes are a significant design Nuclear Facilities
consideration.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—Definitionsrelatingtothisspecificationare
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.) given in Terminology C709.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 baking/re-baking charge—number of billets in a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- baking/re-baking furnace run.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 bulk density—mass of a unit volume of material
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
including both permeable and impermeable voids.
3.2.3 extrusion forming lot—number of billets of the same
2. Referenced Documents
size extruded in an uninterrupted sequence.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 green batch—massofcoke,recyclegreenmix,recycle
C559Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
graphite, and pitch that is required to produce a forming lot.
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
3.2.5 green mix—percentage of mix formulation, pitch and
C709Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and
additives required for the forming lot, which is processed and
Graphite
ready to be formed.
C781Practice for Testing Graphite and Boronated Graphite
Materials for High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Nuclear Re-
3.2.6 graphite billet—extruded, molded, or iso-molded
actor Components graphite artifact with dimensions sufficient to meet the design-
C838Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured
er’s requirements for reactor components.
Carbon and Graphite Shapes
3.2.7 graphite grade—designation given to a material by a
C1233Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents
manufacturer such that it is always reproduced to the same
of Nuclear Materials
specification and from the same raw materials and mix
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
formulation.
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
3.2.8 graphitization charge—number of billets of the same
grade in a graphitizing furnace run.
3.2.9 graphitizing furnace run—total number of billets
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of graphitized together in one graphitization furnace.
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
3.2.10 high purity nuclear graphite—nuclear graphite with
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
an Equivalent Boron Content less than 2 ppm.
in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7219–08. DOI: 10.1520/
D7219-08R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
the ASTM website. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7219−08 (2014)
TABLE 1 ASTM Standard Classes of Nuclear Graphite
Purity
B C
A CTE Isotropy Ratio Bulk Density,
Class B D Class Designation
Ash Content, Boron Equivalent,
(α /α ) g/cm (min)
AG WG
ppm (max) ppm (max)
Isomolded, isotropic—High Purity 1.0-1.1 300 2 1.7 IIHP
Isomolded, isotropic—Low Purity 1.0-1.1 1000 10 1.7 IILP
Isomolded, near-isotropic—High Purity 1.1-1.15 300 2 1.7 INHP
Isomolded, near-isotropic—Low Purity 1.1-1.15 1000 10 1.7 INLP
Extruded, isotropic—High Purity 1.0-1.1 300 2 1.7 EIHP
Extruded, isotropic—Low Purity 1.0-1.1 1000 10 1.7 EILP
Extruded, near-isotropic—High Purity 1.1-1.15 300 2 1.7 ENHP
Extruded, near-isotropic—Low Purity 1.1-1.15 1000 10 1.7 ENLP
Molded, isotropic—High Purity 1.0-1.1 300 2 1.7 MIHP
Molded, isotropic—Low Purity 1.0-1.1 1000 10 1.7 MILP
Molded, near-isotropic—High Purity 1.1-1.15 300 2 1.7 MNHP
Molded, near-isotropic—Low Purity 1.1-1.15 1000 10 1.7 MNLP
A
These classes may be further modified by the grain size as defined in Terminology C709 (see Table 2).
B
Determined in accordance with Practice C781.
C
Determined in accordance with Test Method C559.
D
Determined in accordance with Practice C1233.
TABLE 2 ASTM Graphite Grain Size Definitions from Terminology
3.2.11 impregnation charge—number of billets in an auto-
C709
clave cycle.
Definition of
Graphite Designation
A
Grains in the Starting Mix that are:
3.2.12 isotropic nuclear graphite—graphite in which the
B
Medium Grained Generally<4mm
isotropy ratio based on the coefficient of thermal expansion is
Fine Grained Generally < 100 µm
1.00 to 1.10.
Superfine Grained Generally < 50 µm
Ultrafine Grained Generally < 10 µm
3.2.13 low purity nuclear graphite—nuclear graphite with
Microfine Grained Generally<2µm
an Equivalent Boron Content greater than 2 ppm but less than
A
Grain size as defined in Terminology C709.
10 ppm.
B
For nuclear graphite, the maximum grain size is 1.68 mm in accordance with
5.2.1.6.
3.2.14 mix formulation—percentages of each specifically
sized filler used to manufacture a graphite grade.
3.2.15 molding forming lot—number of billets molded from
a molding powder lot.
5. Materials and Manufacture
3.2.16 molding powder lot—sufficient quantity of re-milled
5.1 Nuclear Graphite Classes—See Table 1.
and blended green batch produced from an uninterrupted flow
of raw materials, or produced in a sequence of identical
5.2 Raw Materials:
materials batches, to produce a molding forming lot.
5.2.1 Fillers:
5.2.1.1 The filler shall consist of a near-isotropic or isotro-
3.2.17 near isotropic nuclear graphite—graphite in which
pic coke derived from a petroleum oil or coal tar.
theisotropyratiobasedonthecoefficientofthermalexpansion
5.2.1.2 The coke shall have a coefficient of linear thermal
is 1.10 to 1.15.
expansion (CTE), determined in accordance with Practice
3.2.18 nuclear graphite class—designation of a nuclear
C781andmeasuredoverthetemperaturerange25to500°C,of
graphite based upon its forming method, isotropy, purity and
-6 -6 -1
between 3.5 × 10 and 5.5 × 10 °C .
density (see Table 1).
5.2.1.3 The coke shall be sampled and distributed as de-
3.2.19 production lot—specified number of billets made in
scribed in Table 3.
accordance with this specification and additional requirements
5.2.1.4 Graphite manufactured in compliance with this
determined by the purchaser.
specification but failing to meet the property requirements of
3.2.20 purification charge—number of billets in a purifica- Sections 6 and 7 may be used as recycle material in the mix
tion run.
formulation.
5.2.1.5 Recyclegreenmixmanufacturedfromrawmaterials
3.2.21 recycle green mix—ground non-baked billets or non
in compliance with this specification may be used in the mix
used green mix manufactured in compliance with the mix
formulation.
formulation specified here.
5.2.1.6 The maximum filler particle size used in the mix
4. Significance and Use formulation shall be 1.68 mm.
4.1 The purpose of this specification is to document the 5.3 Binder—The binder(s) shall consist of coal tar pitch of
minimum acceptable properties and levels of quality assurance the same grade from the same manufacturer. The specific
and traceability for isotropic and near-isotropic nuclear grade binder(s) used shall be identified to the purchaser and be
graphites. traceable through the forming lot.
D7219−08 (2014)
TABLE 3 Inspection Sampling and Testing of Filler Cokes
Inspection Plan Sampling Procedure Tests and Test Methods
A representative sample of the Sample in accordance with Practice D346 The procedure in Practice C781 shall be used to
coke shall be taken prior to the 1. A sufficient sample for preparation of CTE test prepare test specimens for the measurement of
mixing step of manufacture specimens coke CTE.
2. A sufficient sample will be taken for additional Measure the coke real density in accordance with
testing. This sample shall be retained for a pe- Test Method D2638.
riod specified by the graphite purchaser
5.4 Impregnant—Theimpregnant(s)shallconsistofapetro- 7.2 The bulk density of each graphite billet shall be mea-
leum or coal tar pitch of the same grade from the same sured as described in Test Method C838.
manufacturer. The specific impregnant used shall be identified
to the purchaser and be traceable through the impregnation 8. Other Requirements
steps.
8.1 The graphitized billets shall be handled and stored such
5.5 Manufacturing or Processing Additives—Additives (for that they are protected from contaminants other than ambient
example, extrusion aids) may be used to improve the
air.
processing,qualityandpropertiesoftheproduct,butonlywith
8.2 Each graphite billet shall be marked with a unique billet
the consent and approval of the purchaser, and they must be
identification number. Each bil
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7219 − 08 D7219 − 08 (Reapproved 2014) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Isotropic and Near-isotropic Nuclear Graphites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the classification, processing, and properties of nuclear grade graphite billets with dimensions
sufficient to meet the designer’s requirements for fuel elements, moderator or reflector blocks, in a high temperature gas cooled
reactor. The graphite classes specified here would be suitable for reactor core applications where neutron irradiation induced
dimensional changes are a significant design consideration.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
(See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
C709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
C781 Practice for Testing Graphite and Boronated Graphite Materials for High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor
Components
C838 Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes
C1233 Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents of Nuclear Materials
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D2638 Test Method for Real Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke by Helium Pycnometer
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.2 ASME Standard:
NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Requirements for Nuclear Facilities
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions relating to this specification are given in Terminology C709.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 baking/re-baking charge—number of billets in a baking/re-baking furnace run.
3.2.2 bulk density—mass of a unit volume of material including both permeable and impermeable voids.
3.2.3 extrusion forming lot—number of billets of the same size extruded in an uninterrupted sequence.
3.2.4 green batch—mass of coke, recycle green mix, recycle graphite, and pitch that is required to produce a forming lot.
3.2.5 green mix—percentage of mix formulation, pitch and additives required for the forming lot, which is processed and ready
to be formed.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008May 1, 2014. Published July 2008July 2014. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052008 as
D7219D7219 – 08.-05. DOI: 10.1520/D7219-08.10.1520/D7219-08R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7219 − 08 (2014)
TABLE 1 ASTM Standard Classes of Nuclear Graphite
Purity
B C
A CTE Isotropy Ratio Bulk Density,
Class B D Class Designation
Ash Content, Boron Equivalent,
(α /α ) g/cm (min)
AG WG
ppm (max) ppm (max)
Isomolded, isotropic—High Purity 1.0-1.1 300 2 1.7 IIHP
Isomolded, isotropic—Low Purity 1.0-1.1 1000 10 1.7 IILP
Isomolded, near-isotropic—High Purity 1.1-1.15 300 2 1.7 INHP
Isomolded, near-isotropic—Low Purity 1.1-1.15 1000 10 1.7 INLP
Extruded, isotropic—High Purity 1.0-1.1 300 2 1.7 EIHP
Extruded, isotropic—Low Purity 1.0-1.1 1000 10 1.7 EILP
Extruded, near-isotropic—High Purity 1.1-1.15 300 2 1.7 ENHP
Extruded, near-isotropic—Low Purity 1.1-1.15 1000 10 1.7 ENLP
Molded, isotropic—High Purity 1.0-1.1 300 2 1.7 MIHP
Molded, isotropic—Low Purity 1.0-1.1 1000 10 1.7 MILP
Molded, near-isotropic—High Purity 1.1-1.15 300 2 1.7 MNHP
Molded, near-isotropic—Low Purity 1.1-1.15 1000 10 1.7 MNLP
A
These classes may be further modified by the grain size as defined in Terminology C709 (see Table 2).
B
Determined in accordance with Practice C781.
C
Determined in accordance with Test Method C559.
D
Determined in accordance with Practice C1233.
3.2.6 graphite billet—extruded, molded, or iso-molded graphite artifact with dimensions sufficient to meet the designer’s
requirements for reactor components.
3.2.7 graphite grade—designation given to a material by a manufacturer such that it is always reproduced to the same
specification and from the same raw materials and mix formulation.
3.2.8 graphitization charge—number of billets of the same grade in a graphitizing furnace run.
3.2.9 graphitizing furnace run—total number of billets graphitized together in one graphitization furnace.
3.2.10 high purity nuclear graphite—nuclear graphite with an Equivalent Boron Content less than 2 ppm.
3.2.11 impregnation charge—number of billets in an autoclave cycle.
3.2.12 isotropic nuclear graphite—graphite in which the isotropy ratio based on the coefficient of thermal expansion is 1.00 to
1.10.
3.2.13 low purity nuclear graphite—nuclear graphite with an Equivalent Boron Content greater than 2 ppm but less than 10
ppm.
3.2.14 mix formulation—percentages of each specifically sized filler used to manufacture a graphite grade.
3.2.15 molding forming lot—number of billets molded from a molding powder lot.
3.2.16 molding powder lot—sufficient quantity of re-milled and blended green batch produced from an uninterrupted flow of
raw materials, or produced in a sequence of identical materials batches, to produce a molding forming lot.
3.2.17 near isotropic nuclear graphite—graphite in which the isotropy ratio based on the coefficient of thermal expansion is
1.10 to 1.15.
3.2.18 nuclear graphite class—designation of a nuclear graphite based upon its forming method, isotropy, purity and density
(see Table 1).
3.2.19 production lot—specified number of billets made in accordance with this specification and additional requirements
determined by the purchaser.
3.2.20 purification charge—number of billets in a purification run.
3.2.21 recycle green mix—ground non-baked billets or non used green mix manufactured in compliance with the mix
formulation specified here.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this specification is to document the minimum acceptable properties and levels of quality assurance and
traceability for isotropic and near-isotropic nuclear grade graphites.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Nuclear Graphite Classes—See Table 1.
5.2 Raw Materials:
5.2.1 Fillers:
D7219 − 08 (2014)
TABLE 2 ASTM Graphite Grain Size Definitions from Terminology
C709
Definition of
Graphite Designation
A
Grains in the Starting Mix that are:
B
Medium Grained Generally < 4 mm
Fine Grained Generally < 100 μm
Superfine Grained Generally < 50 μm
Ultrafine Grained Generally < 10 μm
Microfine Grained Generally < 2 μm
A
Grain size as defined in Terminology C709.
B
For nuclear graphite, the maximum grain size is 1.68 mm in accordance with
5.2.1.6.
5.2.1.1 The filler shall consist of a near-isotropic or isotropic coke derived from a petroleum oil or coal tar.
5.2.1.2 The coke shall have a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE), determined in accordance with Practice C781 and
-6 -6 -1
measured over the temperature range 25 to 500°C, of between 3.5 × 10 and 5.5 × 10 °C .
5.2.1.3 The coke shall be sampled and distributed as described in Table 3.
5.2.1.4 Graphite manufactured in compliance with this specification but failing to meet the property requirements of Sections
6 and 7 may be used as recycle material in the mix formulation.
5.2.1.5 Recycle green mix manufactured from raw materials in compliance with this specification may be used in the mix
formulation.
5.2.1.6 The maximum filler particle size used in the mix formulation shall be 1.68 mm.
5.3 Binder—The binder(s) shall consist of coal tar pitch of the same grade from the same manufacturer. The specific binder(s)
used shall be identified to the purchaser and be traceable through the forming lot.
5.4 Impregnant—The impregnant(s) shall consist of a petroleum or coal tar pitch of the same grade from the same manufacturer.
The specific impregnant used shall be identified to the purchaser and be traceable through the impregnation steps.
5.5 Manufacturing or Processing Additives—Additives (for example, extrusion aids) may be used to improve the processing,
quality and properties of the product, but only with the consent and approval of the purchaser, and they must be traceable through
the forming lot.
5.6 Manufacture:
5.6.1 Formulation—The mix formulation (as defined in 3.2.14) and recycle green mix fraction (as defined in 3.2.21) in the filler
shall be recorded. This information shall be reported to the purchaser if requested.
5.6.2 Forming—The green mix may be formed by extrusion, molding (including vibrationally molding), or iso-molding.
5.6.3 Graphitization Temperature—The graphitization temperature shall be determined on each billet using the procedure
described in Practice C781. Each billet tested in accordance with Practice C781 shall have a Specific Electrical Resistivity (SER)
corresponding to a graphitization temperature of at least 2700°C.
6. Chemical Properties
6.1 Each graphite production lot shall be sampled in accordance with Section 11. The chemical impurities to be measured shall
be as agreed between the supplier and the purchaser. The minimum list of elements to be measured and used for the EBC
calculation shall be B, Cd, Dy, Eu, Gd, and Sm.
6.2 The boron equivalent shall be calculated in accordance with Practice C1233. The acceptance limits for the boron equivalent,
as well as for ash content, are given in Table 1.
6.3 Table X1.1 contains a list of chemical impurities that are typically measured depending on end-use requirements. The
impurities are categorized as neutron absorbing impurities, oxidation promoting catalysts, activation relevant impurities, metallic
corrosion relevant impurities, and fissile/fissionable elements.
7. Physical and Mechanical Properties
7.1 Each graphite production lot shall be sampled in accordance with Section 11 and shall conform to the requirements for
physical properties prescribed in Table 1 and Table 4 for the appropriate nuclear graphite class, and to the additional requirements
of the purchaser.
7.2 The bulk density of each graphite billet shall be measured as described in Test Method C838.
8. Other Requirements
8.1 The graphitized billets shall be handled and stored such that they are protected from contaminants other than ambient air.
D7219 − 08 (2014)
TABLE 3 Inspection Sampling and Testing of Filler Cokes
Inspection Plan Sampling Procedure Tests and Test Methods
A representative sample of the Sample in accordance with Practice D346 The procedure in Practice C781 shall be used to
coke shall be taken prior to the 1. A sufficient sample for preparation of CTE test prepare test specimens for the measurement of
mixing step of manufacture coke CTE.
specimens
2. A sufficient sample will be taken for additional Measure the coke real density in accordance with
testing. This sample shall be retained for a pe- Test Method D2638.
riod specified by the graphite purchaser
TABLE 4 Physical and Mechanical Properties for Nuclear Graphite
A B
Class Coefficient of Thermal Thermal Conductivity at 25°C, Strength, WG MPa, min Dynamic Elastic
-1 -1
Expansion (25 to 500°C), AG, Wm K min Modulus, WG, GPa
-1
Tensile Flexural Compressive
WG °C
C
Practice C781 C781 C781 C781 C781 C781
-6
IIHP 3.5–5.5 × 10 90 22 35 65 8–15
-6
IILP 3.5–5.5 × 10 90 22 35 65 8–15
-6
INHP 3.5–5.5 × 10 80 20 30 60 8–15
-6
INLP 3.5–5.5 × 10 80 20 30 60 8–15
-6
EIHP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
-6
EILP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
-6
ENHP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
-6
ENLP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
-6
MIHP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
-6
MILP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
-6
MNHP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
-6
MNLP 3.5–5.5 × 10 100 15 21 45 8–15
A
WG = With Grain; AG = Against Grain.
B
At least one of the three strength measurements should be selected for production lot acceptance in agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.
C
Equivalent practices may be used by manufacturers based outside the United States.
8.2 Each graphite billet shall be marked with a unique billet identification number. Each billet shall be traceable through these
identifying numbers to each of the following:
8.2.1 Mix formulation,
8.2.2 Coke batch,
8.2.3 Recycle graphite batch,
8.2.4 Forming lot,
8.2.5 Molding powder lot,
8.2.6 Baking charge,
8.2.7 Impregnant charge,
8.2.8 Graphitization furnace run,
8.2.9 Position of billet in graphitization furnace,
8.2.10 Purification step (if performed),
8.2.11 Binder pitch,
8.2.12 Impregnant pitch, and
8.2.13 Additives used (if any).
9. Dimensions
9.1 Graphite billet dimensions are typically 0.4 to 0.6 m diameter (extruded) or thickness (molded/extruded) of 0.6 by 0.6 m
cross-section (iso-molded) and 0.75 to 3.0 m length.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10.1 Graphitized billets shall be brushed clean after removal from the graphitization furnace.
11. Sampling and Cutting
11.1 A statistical sampling plan shall be developed by the supplier and agreed with the purchaser. The plan shall describe the
number of graphite billets to be sampled and the frequency of sampling. The following minimum sampling frequencies are
recommended per production lot, depending on the number of billets per production lot.
11.1.1 Sample four bill
...
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