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ASTM D8163-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Strength of Colorants and Bases for Architectural, Marine, Maintenance, Commercial, and Industrial Coatings

Standard Test Method for Determination of Strength of Colorants and Bases for Architectural, Marine, Maintenance, Commercial, and Industrial Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method results are suitable for use by manufacturers of colorants and bases for quality control purposes on manufactured product.  
5.2 The test method results are suitable for use by purchasers of colorants and bases for incoming quality control or the determination of money value of colorants and bases.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of strength of colorant dispersions, colored and white bases, for architectural, marine, maintenance, commercial, and industrial coatings.  
1.2 This test method applies to colorant dispersions and colored and white bases regardless of the methods used to disperse these materials.  
1.3 The resultant test value is in terms of percent strength in which a material stronger than standard is implied by values larger than 100 % and weaker than standard is implied by values less than 100 %. The value of 100 % implies exact strength conformance to the test method.  
1.4 This test method is suitable for the determination of strength when tolerances are set about standards that are prepared either by weight concentration or volume concentration.  
1.5 The test result is empirically determined. The user determines and supplies the standard for strength of the product under test and the test result is relative to that supplied standard.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2017
ICS
87.020 - Paint coating processes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.26 - Optical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8163-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Strength of Colorants and Bases for Architectural, Marine, Maintenance, Commercial, and Industrial CoatingsASTM D8163-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Strength of Colorants and Bases for Architectural, Marine, Maintenance, Commercial, and Industrial Coatings
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ASTM D8163-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Strength of Colorants and Bases for Architectural, Marine, Maintenance, Commercial, and Industrial Coatings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8163 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Strength of Colorants and Bases for
Architectural, Marine, Maintenance, Commercial, and
1
Industrial Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of strength of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
colorant dispersions, colored and white bases, for architectural,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
marine, maintenance, commercial, and industrial coatings.
1.2 This test method applies to colorant dispersions and
2. Referenced Documents
colored and white bases regardless of the methods used to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
disperse these materials.
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
1.3 The resultant test value is in terms of percent strength in
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
which a material stronger than standard is implied by values
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
larger than 100 % and weaker than standard is implied by
and Related Products
values less than 100 %. The value of 100 % implies exact
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for
strength conformance to the test method.
Appearance Measurements
1.4 This test method is suitable for the determination of
E284 Terminology of Appearance
strength when tolerances are set about standards that are
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
prepared either by weight concentration or volume concentra-
the CIE System
tion.
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
Color Evaluation
1.5 The test result is empirically determined. The user
determinesandsuppliesthestandardforstrengthoftheproduct E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
under test and the test result is relative to that supplied Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
standard. E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Geometry
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Terminology
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 Definitions: Terms and definitions in Terminology E284
with the standard.
are applicable to this test method.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.1 reflection factor, n—in strength of colorant or base, a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the value representative of the fraction of incident radiant energy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- that is reflected from a surface under conditions specified.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 strength, n—of a colorant or base, a value that is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
quantitatively related to the effective concentration of a test
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
colorant or test base relative to the effective concentration of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the standard or reference for that colorant or base.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
2
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8163-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8163 − 17
4. Summary of Test Method film thickness as appropriate. Bird type bars are usually
marked with values that are half these dimensions and so
4.1 The user supplies a standard base and a standard
would be marked 100 and 150 µm [4 and 6 mils], respectively.
colorant.Astandard sample is prepared from these ingredients
Under some circumstances, drawdown bars with other clear-
by a predetermined formula that will ac
...

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5.1 The test method results are suitable for use by manufacturers of colorants and bases for quality control purposes on manufactured product.  
5.2 The test method results are suitable for use by purchasers of colorants and bases for incoming quality control or the determination of money value of colorants and bases.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of strength of colorant dispersions, colored and white bases, for architectural, marine, maintenance, commercial, and industrial coatings.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 High quality physical product standards for color or appearance are the keystone of a successful color control program. Standards are often grouped into three major categories: product standards, intermediate production control standards, and instrument standards. This guide deals only with physical product standards. Some instrument-based color control programs use “numerical standards,” derived from instrumental measurements of a physical product standard.
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1.2 The colored visual surface preparation guides represent different conditions of hot-rolled carbon steel before and after surface preparation. Prior to cleaning, there are four rust grades, A to D, that cover the range from intact mill scale to 100 % rusted and pitted steel. The standards then depict the appearance of the initial conditions after cleaning by one or more methods (for example, dry abrasive blast cleaning) to various degrees of thoroughness. In addition, Method B includes three painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide3 depicts these conditions after various degrees of dry abrasive blast cleaning. Method C includes four rust grades and three painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide4 depicts these conditions after various degrees of hand and power tool cleaning. Method D includes two rust grades and four painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide5 depicts these conditions after various degrees of water jetting, with three levels of flash rusting. Method E includes two rust grades. The Guide6 depicts these conditions after various degrees of wet abrasive blast cleaning, with three levels of flash rusting.  
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Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)

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3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concerned with the inspection of industrial coating work. The requirements for inspection should be addressed in all protective coating and lining work specifications. This guide may be used by specification writers when selecting and establishing the inspection requirements for coating and lining specifications. A checklist for use by inspectors in the field is included in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to painting inspectors in carrying out their task efficiently. It includes the key elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and final approval for both field and shop work. The items should be selected that are pertinent to the specification of a particular job.  
Note 1: For additional helpful information, refer to the following documents:
Manual of Coating Work for Light-Water Nuclear Power Plant Primary Containment and Other Safety-Related Facilities 2
New Concepts for Coating Protection of Steel Structures3
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications4
D4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coatings and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities4
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 1 Good Painting Practice5
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 2 Systems and Specifications5
Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)
Safety Data Sheets (needed to ensure that personnel take necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available from Materials manufacturer.  
1.2 Certain industries or owners may require certified inspection personnel. See Guide D4537 for establishing procedures to certify inspectors for coatings work in nuclear facilities.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order:    
Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
ASTM Standards  
2.1  
OSHA Standards  
2.2  
Steel Structures Painting Council Publications  
2.3  
International Standards Organization (ISO)  
2.4  
ASTM Adjuncts  
2.6  
Significance and Use  
3  
Preparation for Inspection  
4  
Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements  
5  
Surface Preparation  
5.1  
Pictorial Standard D2200  
5.1.1  
Factors Affecting Coating Performance  
5.2  
Cleanliness  
5.2.1  
Mill Scale  
5.2.2  
Surface Profile  
5.2.3  
Sharp Edges  
5.2.4  
Cleaning Procedures  
5.3  
Chemical Cleaning  
5.3.1  
Solvent Vapor Cleaning  
5.3.1.1  
Hand Tool Cleaning  
5.3.2  
Power Tool Cleaning  
5.3.3  
Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal  
5.3.4  
Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning  
5.3.4.4  
Blast Cleaning  
5.3.5  
Pressurized Water Cleaning  
5.3.6  
Cleaning and Preparation of Various Surfaces  
5.4  
Steel Surfaces  
5.4.1  
Galvanized Surfaces  
5.4.2  
Aluminum Surfaces  
5.4.3  
Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and Previously  
Painted Surfaces  
5.4.4  
Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting  
5.5  
New Construction  
5.5.1  
Maintenance Repainting  
5.5.2  
Coating Storage and Handling  
6  
Storage of Coating and Thinner  
6.1  
Mixing of Coatings  
6.2  
Thinning  
6.3  
Initial Samples  
6.3.1  
Thinning of Coating  
6.3.2  
Sampling of Thinned Coating  
6.3.3  
Heating of Coating  
6.4  
Weather Considerations  
7  
Drying  
7.1  
Low Temperature  
7.2  
High Temperature  
7.3  
Moisture  
7.4  
Wind  
7.5  
Coating Application  
8  
Residual Contaminants  
8.1  
Quality Assurance  
8.2  
Film Defects  
8.2.1  
Brush Application  
8.3  
Spray Application  
8.4  
Roller Application  
8.5...

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Standard Guide for Application and Evaluation of Brush and Roller Applied Paint Films

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4.1 Laboratory measurement of application properties of architectural coatings generally employ a blade-type applicators that lay down films of highly uniform thickness. Applicators, such as brushes and rollers, typically apply films that lack uniformity due to variations in rheology, film build, flow and leveling properties resulting in the practical hiding of most paints being less than that measured on films applied with a blade-type applicator. This guide provides an indication of the actual application properties of the paint, as applied by a contractor or consumer.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for the application of brush or roller, or both, applied paint films to sealed wallboard for evaluating application properties.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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