ASTM D7241-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Multilevel Pile Yarn Floor Covering
Standard Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Multilevel Pile Yarn Floor Covering
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pile thickness of finished multilevel pile yarn floor covering using a thickness measuring instrument having a stationary surface (platen), a circular pressure foot under specified force, and capable of being moved vertically above the platen.
1.2 This test method is applicable only to finished multilevel loop pile constructions.Note 1
Determination of pile thickness of multilevel pile yarn floor coverings was previously contained within Test Method D 418. For user convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Method D 418 into separate standards of which this test method is one.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7241 − 06
StandardTest Method for
Pile Thickness of Finished Multilevel Pile Yarn Floor
Covering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7241; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:carpet,
cut pile yarn floor covering, finished, finished pile yarn floor
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pile
covering, floor covering, pile, pile thickness, pile yarn floor
thickness of finished multilevel pile yarn floor covering using
covering, pitch, primary backing, shorn pile stubble, stubble
a thickness measuring instrument having a stationary surface
height, textile floor covering, tufted fabric.
(platen), a circular pressure foot under specified force, and
capable of being moved vertically above the platen. 3.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicableonlytofinishedmultilevel
loop pile constructions. 3.4 For discussion of terminology specific to this standard,
NOTE 1—Determination of pile thickness of multilevel pile yarn floor
see Annex A1.
coverings was previously contained within Test Method D418. For user
convenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Method D418 into 4. Summary of Test Method
separate standards of which this test method is one.
4.1 The thickness and mass are measured on each selected
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
strip specimen in the unsheared condition and after removing
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
approximately 25, 50, 75 % and all of the pile down to a
information only and may be approximate.
stubble by shearing. The net pile thicknesses at the 25, 50, and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
75 % levels are calculated by subtracting the stubble specimen
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the thickness from the thicknesses measured at each of the other
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- stages. The net pile masses are calculated by subtracting the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- mass of the stubble specimen from the four other weighings.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. The 25, 50, and 75 % net masses are expressed as a percent of
thenetpilemassoftheunshearedspecimenandthe25,50,and
2. Referenced Documents
75 % net thicknesses are plotted against these net mass
percentages.Asmooth curve is drawn through the three plotted
2.1 ASTM Standards:
points. The net pile thickness corresponding to 50 % net mass
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
is read from the smooth curve and doubled to obtain the
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
average pile thickness.
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
D5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings
5. Significance and Use
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
5.1 The determination of pile thickness of multilevel pile
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during
Lot or Process
manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance and
3. Terminology
performance may be affected by changes in pile thickness of
pile yarn floor coverings. This test method is considered
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,
satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments
refer to the Terminology D5684.
because current estimates of between laboratory precision are
acceptable, and this test method is commonly used in the trade
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
for acceptance testing.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006. Published March 2006. DOI: 10.1520/
D7241-06.
reported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tive tests should be performed to determine if there is a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such comparative
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7241 − 06
tests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same 7.2.1 Means for adjusting the height of the shear, such as
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results shims or mechanical mount for a shearing head.
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
7.3 Thickness Measuring Instrument:
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
7.3.1 Having a stationary surface (plate) on which to place
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
the specimen, and a presser foot capable of being moved
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
vertically above the plate, at least 25 mm (1 in.) from the plate.
series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and
7.3.2 Having two interchangeable presser feet; one 25.40 6
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
0.03 mm (1.000 6 0.001 in.) diameter, the other 57.15 6 0.03
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
mm (2.250 6 0.001 in.) in diameter.
7.3.3 Having means for indicating the vertical distance
6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
between the presser foot and the plate to the nearest 0.03 mm
6.1 Sampling Units:
(0.001 in.) and capable of developing and indicating a force up
6.1.1 Coated Floor Covering—The basic sampling unit of
to 2.77 N (0.6 lbf) between the presser foot and the plate.
coated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number of
7.4 Graph Paper, with 2-mm (0.1-in.) divisions.
shipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges from
one to over ten.
7.5 DraftingCurves, such as a set of French curves, flexible
6.1.2 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in Practice
curve, or software capable of drawing the graph.
E122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability and
test method precision is available, and a decision has been 8. Preparation of Apparatus
made on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated between
8.1 Attach the presser foot loosely to the moveable stem or
the estimate to be made from the sample and the result that
head of the instrument and bring the presser foot into firm
wouldbeobtainedbymeasuringeverysamplingunitofthelot.
contact with the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem,
Otherwisethenumberofsamplingunitsinalotsampleandthe
check the instrument zero by lowering the presser foot into
use of the test results obtained from the individual test samples
contact with the plate until the indicated pressure increases to
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality control
the pressure to be used in measuring the distance between the
program or with the specification agreed upon between the
foot and the plate. The instrument must read 0 6 0.03 mm (6
purchaser and the supplier.
0.001 in.), if the reading is not within this range a adjustment
6.1.3 Laboratory Sampling Unit—A laboratory sampling
shall be made appropriate to the type of instrument being used.
unit shall consist of a full width section of floor covering cut
Verify the instrument with calibrated thickness blocks.
from one end of each roll in the lot sample and shall be at least
100 mm (4 in.) longer than the specimens required for the tests
9. Conditioning
being conducted. Do not cut a laboratory sampling unit of
9.1 Condition the laboratory sampling unit or the test
coated floor covering from a seam end of a production roll.
specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, that
6.1.4 Test Specimens—A test specimen is a designated area
is 21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, 12 h or
cut from a laboratory sampling unit For laboratory sampling
until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in2has directed
units3000mm(120in.)wideorwider,threetestspecimensare
in Practice D1776.
required for a test method, one at each edge no nearer to the
edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width and one in the
10. Procedure
middle portion of the test sample. For laboratory sampling
10.1 Select the number and location of the test specimens as
units at least 1500 mm (60 in.) wide but less than 3000 mm
directed in Section 6. Prepare the test specimens according to
(120 in.), take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearer
the procedure in Annex A2.
to the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width. For
laboratory sampling units less than 1500 mm (120 in.) wide,
10.2 The test specimens shall comprise a full pattern repeat
take one test specimen from the middle.
or a whole number multiple of a full pattern repeat in each
direction but no less than 250 6 3 mm (9.9 6 0.1 in.) in the
6.2 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floor
lengthwise direction by 320 6 3 mm (12.5 6 0.1 in.) in the
covering characteristic may occur in bands 460 mm (18 in.) or
widthwise direction. If the pattern repeat is not known and
more in width, as with a modular pattern device having
cannot be determined readily, use 457 mm by 457 63mm
separate controls or adjustments for each module, take test
(18.0 by 18.0 6 0.1 in) for the test specimen dimensions.
specimens from the middle of each band.
10.3 Select a strip specimen from each of the test speci-
6.3 When a full-width sample is not available, take speci-
mens.The strip specimens shall be 250 6 3 mm (9.9 6 0.1 in.)
mens as directed in 6.1.4, and state in the report the width
in the lengthwise direction and 64 6 3 mm (2.5 6 0.1 in.) in
available and the number of test specimens taken.
the widthwise direction and should be conditioned as directed
7. Apparatus
in Section 9.
7.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.01 g. 10.3.1 Determine the total mass of all the strip specimens to
the nearest 0.01 g and record as M , where the subscript zero
o
7.2 Shear or Clipper, capable of shearing close enough to
indicates the strip specimens are unsheared.
the backing so as to leave a stubble of no more than 1.3 mm
(0.05 in.). 10.4 Total Thickness:
D7241 − 06
10.4.1 Attach the 57.15 mm (2.250 in.) presser foot as 10.6.3 Measure the 25 % sheared strip specimen thickness
directed in 8.1. For each strip specimen, raise the presser foot at three different locations, average the measurements for all
and center the specimen, pile face up, on the plate under the strip specimens and record the average as T , to the nearest
foot. Lower the presser foot slowly (take about5sto apply full 0.03 mm (0.001 in.).
load) onto the pile surface until a pressure of 689 6 21 Pa
10.6.4 Determinethetotalmassofallthe25 %shearedstrip
(0.100 6 0.003 psi) is exerted on the specimen. Read the specimens and record to the nearest 0.01 g as M .
distance between the presser foot and the plate to the nearest
10.7 50% Shearing:
0.03 mm (0.001 in.), determine the total thickness in three
10.7.1 Shear each strip specimen to a thickness of approxi-
different areas for each strip specimen and record the average
mately t . Remove all loose fibers from the specimens.
as the total thickness, T .
o
Measure the 50 % sheared strip specimen thickness at three
10.5 Estimation of Shearing Levels: different locations, average the measurements for all strip
specimensandrecordtheaverageasT ,tothenearest0.03mm
10.5.1 Obtain an approximate stubble specimen thickness
(0.001 in.).
by shearing the pile down to a stubble measuring approxi-
10.7.2 Determinethetotalmassofallthe50 %shearedstrip
mately 1.3 mm (0.05 in.).
specimens and record to the nearest 0.01 g as M .
10.5.2 Attach the 25.40 mm (1.000 in.) diameter presser
foot loosely to the stem and bring the presser foot into firm
10.8 75% Shearing:
contact with the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem.
10.8.1 Shear each strip specimen to a thickness of approxi-
Check the instrument zero as directed in 8.1. Verify the
mately T . Remove all loose fibers from the specimens.
instrument with calibrated thickness blocks.
Measure the 75 % sheared strip specimen thickness at three
10.5.3 For each stubble specimen, raise the presser foot and different locations, average the measurements for all strip
center the specimen, stubble side up, on the plate. Lower the specimensandrecordtheaverageasT ,tothenearest0.03mm
presser foot onto the stubble surface until a pressure of 5170 6 (0.01 in.).
69 Pa (0.75 6 0.01 psi) is exerted on the stubble specimen.
10.8.2 Determinethetotalmassofallthe75 %shearedstrip
Read the distance between the presser foot and the plate to the specimens and record to the nearest 0.01 g as M .
nearest 0.03 mm (0.01 in.), determine the stubble thickness in
10.9 Stubble Shearing:
three different areas of the strip specimen and record the
10.9.1 Shear each strip specimen as close to the back as
average as the stubble thickness h.
possible (approximately 1.3 mm (0.05 in.). Remove all loose
10.5.4 Obtain an approximate total pile thickness using Eq
fibers from the specimens.
1:
10.9.2 Attach the 25.40 mm (1.000 in.) diameter presser
Z 5 T 2 h (1)
foot loosely to the stem and bring the presser foot into firm
o
contact with the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem.
where:
Check the instrument as directed in 8.1.
Z = total pile thickness, mm (in.),
10.9.3 Measure the stubble specimen thickness at three
T = average total thickness, mm (in.), and
o
different locations, average the measurement for all strip
h = average stubble thickness, mm (in.).
specimens and record the average asT to the nearest 0.03 mm
10.5.5 Calculate target thicknesses to the nearest 0.03 mm
(0.01 in.).
(0.001 in.) for removing 25, 50, and 75 % of the pile using Eq
10.9.4 Determine the total mass of all the stubble specimens
2-4:
and record to the nearest 0.01 g as M .
T 5 0.75Z1H (2)
11. Calculation or Interpretation of Results
T 5 0.5Z1H (3)
11.1 A test result is the average of the measurements made
T 5 0.25Z1H (4)
on a set of test specimens described in Section 10. In this
where:
method, directions are given only for obtaining a test result
T ,T ,T = target shearing thickness
...
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