ASTM D4633-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
Standard Test Method for Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Various driven in situ penetrometers are used to evaluate the engineering behavior of soils. The Standard Penetration Test is the most common type. Engineering properties can be estimated on the basis of empirical correlations between N-values and soil density, strength or stiffness. Alternatively, the N-value can be used directly in foundation design using correlations to design parameters such as allowable bearing pressure or pile capacity. The N-value depends on the soil properties but also on the mass, geometry, stroke, anvil, and operating efficiency of the hammer. This energy measurement procedure can evaluate variations of N-value resulting from differences in the hammer system. See also Refs (1-6).
There is an approximate, linear relationship between the incremental penetration of a penetrometer and the energy from the hammer that enters the drill rods, and therefore an approximate inverse relationship between the N-value and the energy delivered to the drill rods.
Note 1—Since the measured energy includes the extra potential energy effect due to the set per blow, tests for energy evaluation of the hammer systems should be limited to moderate N-value ranges between 10 and 50 (Ref (7)).
Stress wave energy measurements on penetrometers may evaluate both operator-dependent cathead and rope hammer systems and relatively operator-independent automatic systems.
The energy measurement has direct application for liquefaction evaluation for sands as referenced in Practice D6066.
This test method is useful for comparing the N-values produced by different equipment or operators performing SPT testing at the same site, aiding the design of penetrometer systems, training of dynamic penetrometer system operators, and developing conversion factors between different types of dynamic penetration tests.
Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment a...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the energy that enters the penetrometer drill rod string during dynamic penetrometer testing of soil due to the hammer impact.
1.2 This test has particular application to the comparative evaluation of N-values obtained from the Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) of soils in an open hole as in Test Method D1586 and Practice D6066. This procedure may also be applicable to other dynamic penetrometer tests.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard.
1.4 Limitations—This test method applies to penetrometers driven from above the ground surface. It is not intended for use with down-hole hammers.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.6 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to how the data can be applied in design or other uses, since that is beyond its scope. Practice D6066 specifies how these data may be normalized.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4633 − 10
StandardTest Method for
1
Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesproceduresformeasuringthe 2.1 ASTM Standards:
energy that enters the penetrometer drill rod string during D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
dynamic penetrometer testing of soil due to the hammer Barrel Sampling of Soils
impact. D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.2 This test has particular application to the comparative
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
evaluation of N-values obtained from the Standard Penetration
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Tests (SPT) of soils in an open hole as in Test Method D1586
Data
and Practice D6066. This procedure may also be applicable to
D6066 Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration
other dynamic penetrometer tests.
Resistance of Sands for Evaluation of Liquefaction Poten-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tial
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
3. Terminology
mathematical conversions which are provided for information
purposes only and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 acceleration transducer, or accelerometer—
1.4 Limitations—This test method applies to penetrometers
instrument attached on, around, or within a continuous column
drivenfromabovethegroundsurface.Itisnotintendedforuse
ofdrillrodstomeasurethetime-varyingaccelerationgenerated
with down-hole hammers.
in the drill rods by the impact of the hammer.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
3.1.2 anvil—the mass at the top of the drill rods that is
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
struck by the hammer.
Practice D6026.
3.1.3 drill rods—the steel rods connecting the hammer
1.6 The method used to specify how data are collected,
system above the ground surface to the sampler below the
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
surface.
how the data can be applied in design or other uses, since that
3.1.4 force transducer—a section of drill rod instrumented
is beyond its scope. Practice D6066 specifies how these data
may be normalized. with strain gages and inserted into the continuous column of
drill rods to measure the time-varying force generated in the
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
drill rods by the impact of the hammer.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 hammer—animpactmassthatisraisedanddroppedto
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- create an impact on the drill rods.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 impedance (of the drill rod)—a property of the drill
rod equal to the drill rod elastic modulus times the cross
sectional area divided by the velocity of wave propagation.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
2
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4633 – 05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4633-10. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4633 − 10
3.1.7 instrumented subassembly—a short section of drill rod systems, training of dynamic penetrometer system operators,
instrumented to measure force and acceleration which is and developing conversion factors between different types of
inserted at the top of the drill rod and below the anvil. dynamic penetration tests.
NOTE 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
3.1.8 penetrometer—any sampler, cone, blade, or other
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
instrument placed at the bottom of the drill rods.
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
criteria of Practi
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4633–05 Designation: D4633 – 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the energy that enters the penetrometer drill rod string during dynamic
penetrometer testing of soil due to the hammer impact.
1.2 This test has particular application to the comparative evaluation of N-values obtained from the Standard Penetration Tests
(SPT) of soils in an open hole as in Test Method D1586 and Practice D6066. This procedure may also be applicable to other
dynamic penetrometer tests.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard.
1.4 Limitations—Thistestmethodappliestopenetrometersdrivenfromabovethegroundsurface.Itisnotintendedforusewith
down-hole hammers.
1.4All1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026.
1.5The1.6 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
how the data can be applied in design or other uses, since that is beyond its scope. Practice D6066 specifies how these data may
be normalized.
1.6
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6066 Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration Resistance of Sands for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 acceleration transducer, or accelerometer—instrument attached on, around, or within a continuous column of drill rods
to measure the time-varying acceleration generated in the drill rods by the impact of the hammer.
3.1.2 anvil—the mass at the top of the drill rods that is struck by the hammer.
3.1.3 drill rods—the steel rods connecting the hammer system above the ground surface to the sampler below the surface.
3.1.4 force transducer—a section of drill rod instrumented with strain gages and inserted into the continuous column of drill
rods to measure the time-varying force generated in the drill rods by the impact of the hammer.
3.1.5 hammer—an impact mass that is raised and dropped to create an impact on the drill rods.
3.1.6 impedance (of the drill rod)—a property of the drill rod equal to the drill rod elastic modulus times the cross sectional
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. DOI: 10.1520/D4633-05.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4633 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/D4633-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4633 – 10
area divided by the velocity of wave propagation.
3.1.7 instrumented subassembly—a short section of drill rod instrumented to measure force and acceleration which is inserted
at the top of the drill rod and below the anvil.
3.1.8 penetrometer—any sampler, cone, blade, or ot
...
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