ASTM D5704-00a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except for the catalyst weight loss and oil weight measurements, for which the unit is millilitre; the alternator output, for which the unit is watt; and the air flow, for which the unit is milligram per minute. The SI values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Sections 7 and 8, and Annex A3.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5704 – 00a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of
Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final
Drive Axles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope by Potentiometric Titration
D 893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and
2.2 ANSI Standard:
deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-
ANSI/ISA-S7.3 Quality Standard for Instrument Air
mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to
2.3 Military Specification:
high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
MIL-L-2105D Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:
as the standard except for the catalyst weight loss and oil
Engineering Drawings
weight measurements, for which the unit is gram; the oil
volume, for which the unit is millilitre; the alternator output,
3. Terminology
for which the unit is watt; and the air flow, for which the unit
3.1 Definitions:
is milligram per minute. The other SI values, which are in
3.1.1 carbon, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
parentheses, are for information only.
axles, a hard, dry, generally black or gray deposit that can be
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 lubricant, n—in manual transmission and final drive
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
axles, lubricating oil.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3 sludge, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
axles, a deposit principally composed of the lubricating oil and
information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.
oxidation products that do not drain from parts but can be
2. Referenced Documents removed by wiping with a cloth.
3.1.4 thermal and oxidative stability, n—in lubricating oils
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used for manual transmissions and final drive axles, a lack of
B 224 Classification of Coppers
deterioration of the lubricating oil under high-temperature
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
conditions that is observed as viscosity increase of the lubri-
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
cating oil, insolubles formation in the lubricating oil, or deposit
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
formation on the parts, or a combination thereof.
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3.1.5 varnish, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
ity)
axles, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.
4. Summary of Test Method
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4.1 A sample of the lubricant to be tested is placed in a
D02.B0.03 on Gear Lubricants.
heated gear case containing two spur gears, a test bearing, and
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally
a copper catalyst. The lubricant is heated to a specified
published as D 5704 – 98. Last previous edition D 5704 – 00.
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
(TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.
Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition Joint standard of ANSI/ISA. Available from Instrument Society of America, 67
incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through 00–1. The TMC is also the Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
source of reference oils. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Detailed drawings necessary for rig construction are available from ASTM
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Headquarters. Request PCN ADJD5704.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5704 – 00a
temperature and the gears are operated for 50 h at predeter- tions are specified in the engineering drawings (see Annex A1
mined load and speed conditions. Air is bubbled through the for approximate locations).
lubricant at a specified rate and the bulk oil temperature of the
6.1.3 Heater Elements—Since this test method is extremely
lubricant is controlled throughout the test. Parameters used for
sensitive to temperature, the following specified heater ele-
evaluating oil degradation after testing are viscosity increase,
ments (two total) are mandatory:
13,14
insolubles in the used oil, and gear cleanliness.
6.1.3.1 Primary Heater Element, one only allowed.
15,14
6.1.3.2 Alternator Load Heater, one only allowed.
5. Significance and Use
6.1.4 Temperature Controller, proportional-integral-
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive
derivative (PID) type; percent output adjustable.
manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate
6.1.5 Thermocouples—For determination, recording, and
under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil,
control of the test oil temperature, a ⁄8-in. (3.2-mm) Type J
sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of
open-tip thermocouple is specified. Thermocouples for other
corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious
data measurements may be used as suitable to the user but in
equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal
all cases shall be placed behind the baffle plate in the gear box
failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface.
assembly and shall not interfere with normal oil flow patterns
This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic
during the test.
additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.
6.1.6 Temperature Recorder, any suitable recording device
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following
capable of generating a temperature record using the specified
documents:
thermocouples and temperature control devices. Temperature
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-
traces for tests shall be submitted with the test report.
Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Trans-
6.1.7 Alternator—The alternator for loading is speci-
missions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,
,14
fied. No substitutions are allowed. Wiring for the alternator
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Auto-
shall be modified as shown in the engineering drawings.
motive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,
Modify the alternator load circuit as shown in Annex A7.
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual
6.1.8 Heater Blower—The heater blower system shall sup-
Transmission Lubricants, and
ply to the insulated oven assembly 55 65ft /min (1557 6 142
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
L/min) of air (at free flow conditions) through the 2 ⁄8-in.
(54-mm) diameter blower opening as shown in the engineering
6. Apparatus
drawings. The heater blower may be a cage type blower wheel
6.1 A description of essential apparatus features is given as
powered by an electric motor or powered by way of a toothed
follows, including mandatory equipment type and performance
belt from the main drive shaft. In all cases, the specified air
specification where established. See Annex A1 and Annex A2
flow shall be met while maintaining other test parameters at
for schematics and additional information of a general nature.
their specified value.
Those wishing to build this test apparatus shall base construc-
17,14
6.1.9 Air Flow Controller—The air flow controller shall
tion on full engineering drawings (see 6.2). A list of suppliers
9 be capable of controlling the air supply at a flow rate of 22.08
is available from ASTM Headquarters.
6 2.01 mg/min (see Note 1).
6.1.1 Gear Case Assembly, used in conjunction with a new
test bearing, new lip seals, new O-rings, a pair of new test
NOTE 1—It has been suggested that 20 to 30 ft of supply line between
gears, copper catalyst, and the lubricant to be tested. The gear
the air regulator and the mass air flow meter may help to reduce flow
meter readout fluctuations.
case assembly has been redesigned to incorporate improve-
ments over designs in use prior to this test method. The gear
6.1.10 Test Gears, one machine tool change gear (34 teeth,
case and associated parts shall be constructed in accordance
⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) wide and one machine tool change gear (50
with the engineering drawings. The gear case and associated
18,14
teeth, ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) wide).
parts shall comply in dimension, material, surface finish where
prescribed, and overall design. O-rings and lip seals have been
incorporated into this design and are mandatory replacements
for the original cork gaskets and shaft slingers used in earlier
Chromalox No. 118-553661-505; 1500 W. Available from Anderson Bolos,
Inc., 24050 Commerce Park Rd., Cleveland, OH 44122-5838.
designs.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
6.1.2 Insulated Oven, surrounds the gear case assembly and
is noted in the adjoining footnote. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
provides insulation sufficient to allow the lubricant temperature
provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will be given
to be elevated to and maintained at test temperature conditions.
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
you may attend.
This oven also houses the heaters and heater blower. The oven
Ogden FD 1Z0895; 150 W. Available from Ogden, 719 W. Algonquin Rd.,
dimensions, heater, blower, and oven temperature sensor loca-
Arlington Hts., OH.
Delco-Remy GM Part No. 1105360, Model No. 10-SI Series Type 100, 63 A;
12 V negative ground. Available from S. E. Chevrolet Co., 2810 Bishop Rd;
Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St. NW, Washington, Willoughby Hills, OH 44092 or any other GM dealer.
DC 20005. Air Flow Controller Model 840-L-1. Available from Sierra Instruments, Inc.,
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D02-1353. 5 Harris Court, Bldg. L, Monterey, CA 93940.
12 18
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr., GA-34 and GA-50 gears are available from Boston Gear Works, 14 Hayward
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. St., Quincy, MA 02171.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5704 – 00a
19,14
6.1.11 Test Bearing, ball bearing. temperatures shall be calibrated against known standards
6.1.12 O-ring Seals, O-ring for the seal plate and O-ring for traceable to NIST. For instance, the oil temperature thermo-
19,14
the cover plate. couple and indicating controller shall be calibrated. This can be
,
19 14
6.1.13 Lip Seals, two shaft seals. accomplished by immersing the tip of the probe into an
6.2 All new equipment shall be constructed in accordance auxiliary temperature-controlled oil bath equipped with a
with the engineering drawings available as an adjunct from stirrer. The bath temperature shall be set accurately at 325°F
ASTM Headquarters in order to meet calibration require- (162.8°C) and the test measuring equipment shall be confirmed
ments. Builders unable to obtain specified parts and wishing to to be accurate prior to testing.
use substitutes shall request approval from ASTM Subcommit- 8.3 Gear Case—Clean the gear case, vent tube, vent tube
tee D02.B0.03. baffle, retainer bushings, seal sleeves, case cover plate, seal
plate, nuts, studs, flat washers, baffle plate, spacer bushings,
7. Reagents and Materials
bearing bushings and clamp, keys, shaft ends, shaft nuts, and
catalysts (Warning—see 7.3). Nylon bristle brushes and long
7.1 Air, compressed, instrument quality, meeting ANSI/
pipe cleaners can be used to aid cleaning. (Warning—Since
ISA-S7.3, that limits dew point, maximum particle size, and
the proper operation of the apparatus depends upon the
maximum oil content of the air at the instrument.
maintenance of numerous accurately machined surfaces, do not
7.2 Copper Catalyst, cold-rolled, electrolytic tough pitch
use steel brushes or abrasive cloth materials except as noted in
copper, conforming to UNS (Unified Numbering System)
8.4.) Following the cleaning procedure with an organic clean-
C11000. The two strips shall be sheared to approximately ⁄16
13 1
ing agent, wash parts thoroughly with Stoddard solvent
by 1 ⁄16 in. from ⁄16-in. thick stock (approximately 14 by 46
(Warning—see 7.3), and finally with a volatile hydrocarbon
mm from 1.6-mm thick stock).
solvent (Warning—see 7.3), to facilitate air drying. Allow
NOTE 2—For more information on the classification of coppers and the
parts to air dry.
Unified Numbering System (UNS), consult Classification B 224 and
8.4 Test Gears—Polish the sides of the test gears with 180-
Practice E 527, respectively.
grit silicon carbide paper, and wash with Stoddard solvent.
7.3 Organic Cleaning Agent.(Warning—Combustible, va-
Carefully examine the gear teeth for nicks and burrs. Do not
, ,
20 21 14
por harmful (see Annex A3).)
use gears with major imperfections. Minor imperfections
7.4 Silicon Carbide Paper, 180 grit.
should be redressed with a fine stone. After final examination,
7.5 Stoddard Solvent, commercial grade, conforming to the
wash gears once more with Stoddard Solvent and finally with
requirements of Specification D 235 (Warning—see 7.3).
a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate air drying. Allow
7.6
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