ASTM F2881-11

Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Polypropylene (PP) Dual Wall Pipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Storm Sewer Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers test methods and requirements for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. These requirements are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for nonpressure storm sewer systems. This specification also covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for nonpressure storm sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall (Fig. 1).
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 The following precautionary statement caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2011
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• ICS: 23.040.45 - Plastics fittings
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.62 - Sewer

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F2881-11(2015) - Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Polypropylene (PP) Dual Wall Pipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Storm Sewer Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2881 −11
StandardSpecification for
12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Polypropylene (PP) Dual Wall
Pipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Storm Sewer
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2881; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominal
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
inside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].
als
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
nonpressurestormsewersystems.Pipeandfittingsproducedin
D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
accordance with this specification shall be installed in compli-
by Extrusion Plastometer
ance with Practice D2321.
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an
Gradient Technique
interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
wall (Fig. 1).
tics
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
D2321 PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplas-
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
conformance with the standard.
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
1.5 The following precautionary statement caveat pertains
D2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-
only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification.
tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
Tup (Falling Weight)
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
D3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic
limitations prior to use.
Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
D3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-
2. Referenced Documents
olefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4101 Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extru-
A666 Specification forAnnealed or Cold-WorkedAustenitic
sion Materials
Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar
D4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-
Impact Resistance of Plastics
Furnace Technique
D4389 SpecificationforFinishedGlassFabricsWovenFrom
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Rovings
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.
D6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/
F2881–11.
Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Method
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2881−11
FIG. 1
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join- 4.1.2 Diameters,
ing Plastic Pipe 4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,
2.2 AASHTO Standard: 4.1.4 Pipe laying length,
LRFD, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifi- 4.1.5 Joint requirements
cations Section 12 – Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners 4.1.6 Fitting type(s):
M288 Geotextile Specification for Highway Applications 4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline and
2.3 Federal/Military Standards: branch diameters, and
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) 4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter.
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
5. Materials and Manufacture
3. Terminology
5.1 Pipe and Fabricated Fittings—Polypropylene
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
Compounds—Polypropylene compounds used in the manufac-
nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
ture of the dual wall pipe and fittings shall have the minimum
nologyD1600,unlessotherwisespecified.Theabbreviationfor
properties as shown in Table 1. Polypropylene compounds
polypropylene is PP.
shall be comprised of the base unfilled copolymer polypropyl-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: ene virgin resin and all additives, colorants, UV inhibitors and
3.2.1 dual wall, n—In this case, the dual pipe wall construc- stabilizers. Conditioning, sampling, preparation and testing of
tion provides an interior wall in the waterway and includes molded specimens shall be in accordance with the require-
ribs, corrugations, or other shapes, which can be either solid or ments in Specification D4101. Compounds shall be tested and
hollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametrical deforma- validated on an annual basis or for any new formulations.
tion.
NOTE 1—Stress-cracking has not been shown to be a concern with
3.2.2 silt-tight joint, n—Joint that prevents the passage of polypropylene resins, so no slow-crack growth test protocol has been
developed for assessing it.
silt or soil, does not restrict water passage.
5.2 Color and Ultraviolet Stabilization for Pipe and Fabri-
3.2.3 water-tight joint, n—Joint that retrains the passage of
cated Fittings—The pipe shall be colored or black. Black
water to not exceed a specified limit.
polypropylene compounds shall have between 2.0 and 3.0
4. Ordering Information
percent carbon black when tested in accordance with the
procedures in Test Method D4218. Colored polypropylene
4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shall
compounds shall be protected from Ultraviolet (UV) degrada-
include the following information to adequately describe the
tion with UV stabilizers.
desired product:
4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,
NOTE 2—Pipe users should consult with the pipe manufacturer about
the outdoor exposure life of the product under consideration.
3 5.3 Rework Plastic—– Clean polypropylene rework plastic,
Available from Available from American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, generated from the manufacturer’s own production of the
Washington, DC 20001, http://www.transportation.org.
product and having the same minimum physical properties,
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
may be used by the manufacturer, provided that the pipe
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
produced meets all the requirements of this specification.
dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
TABLE 1 Polypropylene Compound Properties
Property ASTM Test Method Units (SI Units) Minimum Value Maximum Value
Melt Flow Rate D1238 g/10 min 0.25 at 230°C 1.50 at 230°C
Density D792, D1505 lb/in3 (g/cm ) 0.0325 (0.900) 0.0343 (0.950)
Tensile Strength at Yield D638 psi (N/mm ) 3,500 (24) 5,000 (34)
Elongation at Yield D638 % (%) 5 (5) 25 (25)
Flexural Modulus (1% secant) D790 Procedure B psi (N/mm ) 175,000 (1,200) 325,000 (2,250)
2 2
IZOD Impact Strength (73°F (23°C)) D256 ft-lb/in (kJ/m ) 23.8 (50) No Break
Oxidative-Induction Time (392°F (200°C) D3895 min 25 200
F2881−11
5.4 Elastomeric Seal Materials—Elastomeric compounds 6.2.3 Minimum Wall, Crown, Valley and Liner Thickness—
and thermoplastic elastomeric compounds used in the manu- The minimum thickness of pipe sections shall meet the
facture of sealing rings or gaskets shall meet the requirements requirements given in Table 2 when measured in accordance
of Specification F477. with 7.3.3.
5.5 Lubricant—The lubricant used for assembly of gasketed
NOTE 4—The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of products
manufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-
joints shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or the pipe.
ity between pipe and fittings made to this specification from different
5.6 Optional Bell Retaining Bands—Bell retaining bands, if
manufacturers should be verified.
used, shall meet the requirements in 6.6.4 and shall be made of
6.3 Pipe Stiffness—Minimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflec-
corrosive resistant materials such as fiberglass (Specification
tion shall meet the requirements given in Table 2 when tested
D4389) or stainless steel (Specification A666).
in accordance with 7.4.
5.6.1 The Specification D4389 fiberglass roving shall be an
E type glass, free of any alkali, dirt or other impurities. The NOTE 5—The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for testing
convenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. The
band shall consist of a continuous, overlapping filament fiber
engineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.
and not a fabric.
6.4 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of
NOTE 3—Compound and material properties are typically tested to
splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation of
validate a formulation; they are not routine quality assurance tests. Users
the outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when tested
requiring such testing for quality assurance purposes should insert these
criteria in their project specifications.
in accordance with 7.5.
6.5 Pipe Impact Strength—There shall be no evidence of
6. General Requirements
splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation of
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe and fittings shall be homoge-
the outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when
neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical
conditioned in accordance with 7.1 and tested in accordance
in color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of
with 7.6 and examined under normal light and the unaided eye.
cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other
Theminimumpipeimpactstrengthat73°F(23°C)shallbe140
defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the
ft-lbf (190 J).
wall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely
NOTE 6—Discoloration or “whitening” of the pipe during pipe flatten-
through valleys.
ing and impact tests is normal and does not represent a failure criteria for
6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, in pipe are not
either test.
permissible.
6.6 Fabricated Fittings and Joining Systems:
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:
6.6.1 Only fabricated fittings and joining systems supplied
6.2.1 Nominal Size—The nominal size for the pipe and
or recommended by the pipe manufacturer shall be used.
fittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 2.
Fabricated fittings shall be installed in accordance with the
6.2.2 Laying Length—The pipe shall be supplied in any
manufacturer’s recommendations and meet the same material
laying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufac-
requirements as the pipe.
turer. Laying length shall not be less than 99 % of stated
quantity when measured in accordance with 7.3.2. NOTE 7—Fittings may be fabricated from the pipe by a variety of
TABLE 2 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe Dimensions
Pipe Inside Inside Diameter Minimum Pipe Minimum Minimum Minimum
Diameter Tolerances Stiffness at 5 % Inner Liner Valley Crown
Deflection Thickness Thickness Thickness
in. [mm] in. [mm] lb/in/in [kPa] in. [mm] in. [mm] in. [mm]
12 [300] ± 0.12 [± 70 [482] 0.045 [1.1] 0.103 [2.6] 0.052 [1.3]
3.0]
15 [400] ± 0.15 [± 60 [413] 0.050 [1.3] 0.126 [3.2] 0.068 [1.7]
3.8]
18 [450] ± 0.18 [± 56 [386] 0.055 [1.4] 0.132 [3.4] 0.074 [1.9]
4.6]
24 [600] ± 0.24 [± 50 [344] 0.060 [1.5] 0.144 [3.7] 0.093 [2.4]
6.1]
30 [750] ± 0.30 [± 46 [317] 0.065 [1.7] 0.148 [3.8] 0.108 [2.7]
7.6]
36 [900] ± 0.36 [± 40 [275] 0.070 [1.8] 0.153 [3.9] 0.132 [3.4]
9.1]
42 [1050] ± 0.42 [±10.7] 35 [241] 0.070 [1.8] 0.158 [4.0] 0.160 [4.1]
48 [1200] ±0.48 [± 30 [206] 0.072 [1.8] 0.179 [4.6] 0.165 [4.2]
12.2]
54 [1350] ± 0.54 [± 26 [175] 0.078 [2.0] 0.194 [4.9] 0.178 [4.5]
13.7]
60 [1500] ± 0.60 [± 25 [170] 0.085 [2.2] 0.215 [5.5] 0.180 [4.6]
15.2]
F2881−11
processes including hot plate welding, spin welding or other processes.
at the stress level of 500 psi (3.5 MPa) not less than 27,000 psi
(186 MPa). The creep modulus shall be determined in accor-
6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design that
dance with 7.8.
preserves alignment at the joints while maintaining the speci-
fied level of watertight requirements in accordance with 6.6.3.
NOTE9—The50-yearcreeprupturestrengthand50-yearcreepmodulus
6.6.3 Pipe and fittings shall be specified in 4.1.5 and have
values, determined by the test methods in 7.7 and 7.8, are used to define
the slope of the logarithmic regression curves to describe the required
either silt-tight bell/spigot joints that utilize a gasket that
material properties sampled from the product. They are not to be
complies with the requirements of Specification F477 or
interpreted as service life limits.
watertight bell/spigot joint that complies with the laboratory
6.10 Installation Requirements—The pipe manufacturer
tests defined and described in Test Method D3212 and utilizes
shall provide the purchaser with the requirements for the
a gasket that complies with the requirements of Specification
proper installation of the pipe and the minimum and maximum
F477. It is permissible to supply silt-tight bell/spigot joints
allowable cover height for specific traffic and non-traffic
withgeotextilewrappingmeetingtherequirementsofM288in
loading conditions. The installation r
...