ASTM F588-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the ability of window assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 588 – 97
Standard Test Methods for
Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window
Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 588; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods determine the ability of window 3.1 Definitions: Definitions for standard terminology can be
assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate found in Terminology E 631.
forced entry. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies 3.2.1 locking device(s) (lock), n—one or more components
are classified as described in 1.2.1-1.2.4 and as shown in Fig. of a window assembly intended to resist the opening of
1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and movable sash from the exterior.
fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for 3.2.2 sash operator, n—a component of the window assem-
each type. bly that is used to move, pivot, or to adjust the position of a
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one movable sash within the window frame. (The sash operator, in
or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizon- some window assemblies, is also a locking device.)
tally within the plane of the wall.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one
or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash 4.1 The procedure consists of mounting a specimen into a
test assembly fixture which in turn is mounted to a wall support
and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the
interior (inswinging). fixture, and, after removing all exterior fasteners and loose
component items, specified loads and forces are applied to the
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one
or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens window test specimen in a prescribed sequence. Following
removal of all loads, a determination is made as to whether or
toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.
not entry can be gained through the window test specimen from
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one
or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed the exterior.
not to open.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other
only.
than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
skilled burglary attack requires methods, such as alarms,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
communication, or apprehension systems, or special security
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
these test methods.
hazard statement, see Section 8.
5.2 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter
2. Referenced Documents
for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Sug-
2.1 ASTM Standards: gested guidelines are found in the Annex.Annex A1
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
6. Test Criteria
6.1 Window Test Specimen—The same window assembly
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
shall be used for all testing and shall contain sash having the
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
greatest height and width for which approval is sought.
on Component Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published June 1997. Originally
published as F 588 – 79. Last previous edition F 588 – 85 (1994).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F588–97
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)
6.1.1 The construction of the window test specimen, includ- 6.4 Test Sequence—Perform the tests for each window test
ing all hardware, components, and arrangement of sash shall be specimen in the sequence as outlined in Section 10. The
sequence for testing multiple sash shall be at the discretion of
representative of that for which acceptance is desired.
the testing agency.
6.1.2 The window test specimen shall consist of the entire
6.5 Loading—Apply test loads and forces at a rate not to
assembled unit, including frame, glazing, and anchorage as
exceed 4.5 kg/s (10 lb/s). Maintain performance level loads for
supplied by the manufacturer for installation in the building.
a period of 60 6 5s.
6.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the window test specimen
6.6 Load Removal—At the conclusion of each test, remove
shall contain annealed glass for testing and shall be single
all loads before starting the next test.
glazed if designed for either single or double glazing, or double
glazed if designed exclusively for multiple glazing. Products
7. Apparatus
tested with glazing materials other than annealed glass shall
7.1 Instrumentation—Load and time-measuring devices
qualify only the specific glazing material tested.
with an accuracy of 6 2 % of the full scale shall be incorpo-
6.1.4 Windows tested with more than one locking device
rated in the test setups. The scale ranges used shall assure that
shall not qualify windows with fewer locking devices, regard-
the performance levels are within an accuracy of 6 5%.
less of size.
7.2 Load Attachments—Brackets, fasteners, or other de-
6.2 Performance Criteria—The performance level is at-
vices used in performing these tests shall be designed and
tained if all locking devices remain engaged and entry cannot
attached so as to minimize their influence on the test results.
be gained during the test or upon removal of loads. If during
7.3 Test Frame—The test frame shall be designed and
testing, any component, including the glazing material, fails,
constructed to accept and rigidly secure the window specimen
allowing entry, this shall be considered a failure to attain the and to provide rigid points of anchor for all test loads described
performance level. Glazing which breaks, but which does not
in Section 10. The load bearing members of the test frame shall
allow entry, shall not be considered a failure to attain the be constructed to limit deflection of such members to a
performance level. maximum of 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) under full prescribed load.
6.3 Multiple Sash—Window assemblies with a combination
8. Hazards
of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and
tested separately for each type. If multiple sash within a 8.1 Glass breakage may occur during the application of
window assembly are identical in construction and locking
loads or forces required by these test methods. Take adequate
condition, only one sash need be tested. precautions to protect personnel from broken glass.
F588–97
8.2 Locking devices, glass, and other window test specimen 10.2.1.2 Test A2—Repeat Test A1 (see 10.2.1.1) while,
components may suddenly fail when loads and forces are simultaneously, an additional concentrated load (L ) is applied
applied during these test methods, causing sash to open rapidly. to the center of the exposed interlocking stile or rail, in the
Take adequate precautions to protect personnel from rapidly direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing material
moving weights and window test specimen components.
toward the interior side of the window. (See Fig. 2.)
10.2.1.3 Test A3—Repeat Test A1 (see 10.2.1.1) while,
9. Preparation
simultaneously, an additional concentrated load (L ) is applied
9.1 Mount the window test specimen into a nominal 2 3 4
to the center of the exposed interlocking stile or rail, in the
or 2 3 6 lumber surround frame, in accordance with the
direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing material
manufacturer’s written installation instructions.
toward the exterior side of the window. (See Fig. 2).
9.2 Install the mounted window test specimen into the test
10.2.1.4 Test A4—Repeat Test A1 (see 10.2.1.1) while,
frame, rigidly supporting the mounting frame to resist all loads
simultaneously, an additional concentrated load (L ) is applied
stipulated for the type of specimen to be tested.
to the center of the member opposite the interlocking stile or
9.3 Close and lock the window test specimen.
rail, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing
9.4 Without in any other manner damaging the window test
material toward the interior side of the window. (See Fig. 3).
specimen, remove from the window test specimen all screws,
10.2.1.5 Test A5—Repeat Test A1 (see 10.2.1.1) while,
glazing beads, and any other members or other mechanical
simultaneously, an additional concentrated load (L ) is applied
fasteners that can be removed readily from the exterior within
to the center of the member opposite the interlocking stile or
a time limit of 5 min using the following tools:
rail, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the glazing
9.4.1 A spatula or other non-cutting tool with a thin blade,
3 material toward the exterior side of the window. (See Fig. 3.)
0.75 to 0.85 mm (0.030 to 0.033 in.) thick, 19 to 25 mm ( ⁄4 to
10.2.1.6 Test A6, Outside Sliding Sash—With the sliding
1 in.) wide, and 125 to 150 mm (5 to 6 in.) long.
sash lifted upward (for horizontal operating units) or shifted
9.4.2 Any non-powered screwdriver appropriate to the me-
toward the frame jamb (for vertical operating units) to the full
chanical fastener.
limit within the confines of the frame, repeat Test A3 (see
9.4.3 A standard slot-type pliers with a 150 to 175 mm (6 to
10.2.1.3) while simultaneously applying a concentrated load
7 in.) overall length.
(L ) outward within 75 mm (3 in.) of the corner of the
10. Procedure
operating sash on the interlocking stile or rail. (See Fig. 3.)
10.1 Lock Manipulation Test:
10.2.1.7 Test A7, Inside Sliding Sash—With the sliding sash
10.1.1 Examine the window test specimen and determine a
lifted upwar
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