ASTM F3628-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.
4.2 This test method accounts for a clothing material’s ability to assist in evaporating liquid water during a sweating phase, as well as its ability to dry after the cessation of sweating.
4.2.1 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials during active work (sweating) is often seen as a positive, as it would assist in keeping the body cooler.
4.2.2 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials after active work (no sweating) is often seen as a negative, as it known to cause a chilling effect to the wearer.
4.2.3 The longer it takes for a clothing material to dry after becoming wet is perceived as a negative, as it increases the potential for chilling the wearer.
4.3 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, the cooling provided from liquid evaporation may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the perfo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3628 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid
Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a
1
Sweating Hot Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Clothing is often made of materials that are designed to enhance the pickup and distribution of
liquids (wicking) to promote the evaporation of sweat. Higher amounts of evaporation should lead to
more cooling of the body during active work and less of a chilling effect after active work has stopped.
This is important to individuals wearing PPE or athletic wear to enhance comfort and prevent
overheating while working. Therefore, it is important to isolate and quantify the amount of cooling
provided by a clothing material’s ability to distribute and evaporate liquid away from a heated surface.
Just as important, it’s also important to isolate and quantify the amount of cooling provided and the
amount of time it takes to remove all the liquid after it is no longer being delivered to the surface.
1. Scope 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
plate.
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring
2. Referenced Documents
the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in
2
a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to F1868 Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative
the maximum amount of energy that can be lost. Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Cloth-
ing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that
affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body.
3. Terminology
Consider measuring properties such as air permeability,
3.1 For definitions of protective clothing-related terms used
insulation, and evaporative resistance.
in this test method, refer to Terminology F1494.
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No
other units of measurement are included in the standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F23.60 on Human Factors. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2023. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as F3628 – 23. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F3628-24. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F3628 − 24
their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing 5.1.3 Cooling Plate—Underneath the test plate and guard, a
systems or athletic wear. cooling plate must be present. This cooling plate must have
sufficient cooling power to keep it at le
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3628 − 23 F3628 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid
Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a
1
Sweating Hot Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Clothing is often made of materials that are designed to enhance the pickup and distribution of
liquids (wicking) to promote the evaporation of sweat. Higher amounts of evaporation should lead to
more cooling of the body during active work and less of a chilling effect after active work has stopped.
This is important to individuals wearing PPE or athletic wear to enhance comfort and prevent
overheating while working. Therefore, it is important to isolate and quantify the amount of cooling
provided by a clothing material’s ability to distribute and evaporate liquid away from a heated surface.
Just as important, it’s also important to isolate and quantify the amount of cooling provided and the
amount of time it takes to remove all the liquid after it is no longer being delivered to the surface.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s
ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a
drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting
in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider
measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.60 on Human Factors.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023March 1, 2024. Published February 2023March 2024. Originally approved in 2023. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as
F3628 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/F3628-23.10.1520/F3628-24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3628 − 24
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
F1868 Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials
Using a Sweating Hot Plate
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of protective clothing-related terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology F1494.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable
importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy
is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic
wear.
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must
be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitabil
...
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