ASTM D5324-98
(Guide)Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing water-borne coatings to be used on exterior, interior or both types of surfaces (Note 1). The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Note 1-The term "architectural coating" as used here combines the definition in Terminology D16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings Dictionary , as follows: "Organic coatings intended for on-site application to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often called Trade Sales Coatings" (see 2.3). Note 2-Architectural coatings that are designed to give better performance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and more stain and abrasion resistant are covered by Guide D3730.
1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are as follows: Type 1 Interior Latex Flat Wall Paints, partly covered by Guide D2931 Type 2 Exterior Latex House Paints, partly covered by Guide D3129 Type 3 Water-Borne Floor Paints, partly covered by Guide D3358 Type 4 Interior Latex Semigloss and Gloss Paints, partly covered by Guide D4540
1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling, spraying or other means to the material appropriate for its type, which may include plaster, masonry, wallboard, wood, steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architectural substrates.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 5324 – 98
Standard Guide for
Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5324; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
Pastes, and Paints
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D 215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
for testing water-borne coatings to be used on exterior, interior
Oil Paints
or both types of surfaces (Note 1). The properties that can be
D 344 Test Methods for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
D 358 Specification for Wood to be Used as Panels in
NOTE 1—The term “architectural coating” as used here combines the 5
Weathering Tests of Coatings
definition in Terminology D 16 with that in the FSCT Paint/Coatings
D 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
Dictionary , as follows: “Organic coatings intended for on-site application
Organic Coatings
to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often called
Trade Sales Coatings” (see 2.3).
Stormer Viscometer
NOTE 2—Architectural coatings that are designed to give better perfor-
D 658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
mance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and more 3
Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive
stain and abrasion resistant are covered by Guide D 3730.
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide are
Exterior Paints
as follows:
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
(1) Type 1 Interior Latex Flat Wall Paints,
Exterior Paints
(2) Type 2 Exterior Latex House Paints,
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
(3) Type 3 Water-Borne Floor Paints, and
Exterior Paints
(4) Type 4 Interior Latex Semigloss and Gloss Paints.
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling,
ing) of Exterior Paints
spraying or other means to the material appropriate for its type,
D 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of
which may include plaster, masonry, wallboard, wood, steel,
Paint
previously painted surfaces, and other architectural substrates.
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Paints on Wood
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 1014 Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Tests of Paints on Steel
D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
2. Referenced Documents
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
D 16 Terminology for Paint and Related Coatings, Materi-
Diluents
als and Applications
D 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on
Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
D 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Finishes.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Orginally
published as D 5324-92. Last previous edition D 5324–92.
2 4
Available from the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5324
Particle Panel Materials D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma- Coatings by the Taber Abraser
tion of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature D 4062 Test Method for Levelling of Paints by Draw-Down
D 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Differences Method
of Opaque Materials D 4213 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by
D 1736 Test Method for Efflorescence of Interior Wall Abrasion Weight Loss
Paints D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-
5 3
D 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint ing of Exterior Paint Films
D 2064 Test Method for Print Resistance of Architectural D 4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using the ICI
5 3
Paints Cone/Plate Viscometer
D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- D 4400 Test Methods for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield) Viscom- Multinotch Applicator
eter D 4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
D 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Using Controlled Condensation
Scrape Adhesion D 4707 Test Method for Measuring of Paint Spatter Resis-
D 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water- tance During Roller Application
Borne Coatings D 4828 Test Method for Practical Washability of Organic
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences Coatings
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates D 4946 Test Method for Blocking Resistance of Architec-
3 5
D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings tural Paints
D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic D 4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
3 5
Coatings Latex Paints
D 2486 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Interior Latex E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the
5 8
Flat Wall Paints Glass Electrode
D 2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
the Container to Attack by Microorganisms E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color Difference Mea-
D 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec- surement of Object-Color Specimens by Tristimulus (Fil-
3 3
tometry ter) Colorimetry
D 3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers 2.2 U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141:
in Emulsion Paints 2112 Application by Roller
D 3258 Test Method for Porosity of Paint Films 2131 Application of Sprayed Films
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape 2141 Application of Brushed Films
Test 3011 Condition in Container
D 3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior 4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film
Architectural Coatings 6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)
D 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure
3. Terminology
Tests Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological
3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-
Attack
D 3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection on ogy D 16 and D 1554.
Coated Exterior Panels
4. Conditions Affecting Water-Reducible Coatings
D 3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water Emul-
4.1 Interior and Exterior Coatings:
sion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
4.1.1 Substrate Type—The substrate to be painted can affect
D 3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-
not only the application properties of a coating, such as gloss
tectural Wall Coatings
and uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type of
D 3792 Test Method for Water Content of Water-Reducible
coating to use. For instance, a primer-sealer may be required
Paints by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph
for porous substrates, such as new drywall, bare plaster, new
D 3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of
wood or porous masonry. Other factors are the type and quality
Latex Paint Films
of metal, wood or wood composite (plywood, particle board or
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
hardboard), the type, quality and alkalinity of concrete, plaster
Pigmented Coatings
and joint cement systems, and the type and condition of any
D 3928 Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen Unifor-
previous coatings.
mity
4.1.2 Substrate Conditions—Conditions such as porosity
D 3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-
and hardness determine the kind of coating that can be applied.
pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
D 4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
by Karl Fischer Method
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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D 5324
The condition of previously painted substrates, such as degree 4.2 Exterior Finishes:
of chalk, presence of grease, dirt, mold, and water-soluble or
4.2.1 Substrate Weathering—Weathering of wood before
oily contaminants, film adhesion and porosity, all influence the
painting will probably adversely affect the performance of
performance of coatings. Smoothness of the substrate affects
exterior coatings. Some weathering of masonry surfaces may
the spreading rate, final appearance, and texture.
have beneficial effects on the performance.
4.1.3 Preparation of previously painted substrates including
4.2.2 Substrate Aspects of the Building— If construction
cleaning, solvent cleaning, and sanding.
defects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisture
4.1.4 Type and quality of primer or undercoat and time of
from the inside or the outside makes its way through the
drying before topcoating.
substrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with damp
4.1.5 The application properties, even of interior water-
ground, blistering, flaking or peeling may result.
reducible coatings, are affected by temperature and humidity at
4.2.3 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-
the time of application and during drying. As these materials
contain water, surfaces do not have to be completely dry before eral for the area and specific, such as under eaves, behind
application. However, low temperature during drying may shrubbery, northside and southside exposure.
cause poor film formation.
TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional Order
ASTM Federal Test Method
Property (or related test) Section
Standard Standard 141
Sampling 6.2 D 3925 1022
Liquid Coating Properties
Condition in container 7.1 3011
Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.2 D 185
Density or weight per gallon 7.3 D 1475
Fineness of dispersion 7.4 D 1210
Odor 7.5 D 1296 4401
Colorant acceptance 7.6
pH 7.7 E 70
Package stability 7.8
Heat stability 7.8.1 D 1849
Freeze-thaw stability 7.8.2 D 2243
Settling 7.8.3 D 869
Microorganism resistance 7.8.4 D 2574
Coating Application and Film Formation
Application properties 8.1 4541
Brush application 8.1.1 2141
Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D 4958
Roller application 8.1.2 2112
Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D 4707
Spray application 8.1.3 2131
Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D 3928
Low-temperature coalescence 8.3 D 3793
Rheological properties 8.4
Consistency (Low-shear viscosity) 8.4.1 D 562
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials 8.4.2 D 2196, D4287
Sag resistance 8.4.3 D 4400 4494
Levelling properties 8.4.4 D 4062
Drying properties 8.5 D 1640 4061
Appearance of Dry Film
Color difference 9.1 . . .
Color appearance 9.1.1
Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D 1729
Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D 2244
Directional reflectance 9.2 E 1347
Gloss 9.3 .
Gloss, 60° 9.3.1 D 523
Sheen (85° gloss) 9.3.2 D 523
Hiding power 9.4 D 344, D 2805
Properties of Dry Film
Interior and Exterior Coatings 10.1
Abrasion resistance 10.1.1 D 658, D 968, D 4060 6192
Adhesion 10.1.2 D 2197, D 3359
Wet adhesion 10.1.3 6301
A
Flexibility 10.1.4 D 522, D 2370 6221
Resistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D 1308
Efflorescence from the film 10.1.6 D 1736
Efflorescence from the substrate 10.1.7
Interior Finishes 10.2
Block resistance 10.2.1 D 4946
Print resistance 10.2.2 D 2064
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5324
TABLE 1 Continued
ASTM Federal Test Method
Property (or related test) Section
Standard Standard 141
Film porosity 10.2.3 D 3258
Washability and cleansability 10.2.4
Washability 10.2.4.1 D 2486, D 4213
B
Cleansability 10.2.4.2 D 3450, D 4828 6141
Exterior Coatings 10.3
Adhesion to chalky surfaces 10.3.1 6301
Dirt pick-up 10.3.2 D 3719
Fume resistance 10.3.3 .
Fume resistance test 10.3.3.1
Blister resistance 10.3.4 D 4585
Exposure resistance 10.3.5 D 1006, D 1014
Chalking 10.3.5.2 D 4214
Checking 10.3.5.3 D 660
Cracking 10.3.5.4 D 661
Erosion 10.3.5.5 D 662
Flaking 10.3.5.6 D 772
Fade resistance 10.3.5.7 D 2244
Stain resistance 10.3.6
Coating Analysis
Chemical analysis 11.1 D 215
Volatile content 11.2 D 2369
Volatile organic content 11.3 D 3960
Water content 11.4 D 3792, D 4017
Pigment content 11.5 D 3723
Pigment analysis 11.6 D 215 7261
Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.7 D 3168
A
Equivalent only to Method B of Test Method D 522.
B
Except for scrub medium.
5. Selection of Tests 6. Sampling
6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container should
5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjected
be established since damage to it may cause evaporation,
vary with (a) the surface type: wall, floor, ceiling, and (b) the
skinning, or other undesirable effects on the coating.
service environment: exterior or interior, specialized types
...
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