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ASTM G195-22

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser

Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of material surfaces, and may be related to end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life from specific abrasion data.  
5.2 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting or tension of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.  
5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to the pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels should be resurfaced at regularly defined intervals. See Appendix X2.  
5.4 When evaluating resistance to abrasion of two or more coatings, other factors may need to be considered for an accurate comparison. Flexible coatings that include air entrainment bubbles may result in less mass loss. Coatings that include fillers may result in greater mass loss but have less change in coating thickness or less mass loss but have greater change in coating thickness. Coatings that include aggregates or particulates may generate wear debris that is not removed by the vacuum and contribute to the break-down of the coating. Coatings that have a hardness value greater than the abrasive wheel may cause the abrasive wheel to break down faster and require more wear cycles to generate measureable wear. Examples of coatings that may be...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establishing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible materials utilizing the rotary platform abraser.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Non-SI units are used when stating rotational speed.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
G02 - Wear and Erosion
Drafting Committee
G02.30 - Abrasive Wear
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C1353/C1353M-20 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM C1353/C1353M-20e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F510/F510M-20 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Resilient Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit Feed Method
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D4685/D4685M-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G195 − 22
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane
With Integral Wearing Surface
1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establish-
C1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of
ing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible
Dimension Stone Subjected to FootTraffic Using a Rotary
materials utilizing the rotary platform abraser.
Platform Abraser
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C1803 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Mortar Surfaces
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
3
standard.
D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
1.2.1 Exception—Non-SI units are used when stating rota-
D1044 Test Method for Resistance ofTransparent Plastics to
tional speed.
Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and Related Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2205 Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D3389 Test Method for Coated FabricsAbrasion Resistance
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(Rotary Platform Abrader)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Coatings
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the D3489 Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical tectural Wall Coatings
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D3794 Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
D3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
2. Referenced Documents
(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
2
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
B607 Specification forAutocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings
D4685/D4685M Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
for Engineering Use
D4712 Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coat-
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-
3
ings (Withdrawn 2014)
Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
B893 Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
for Engineering Applications
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
C501 Test Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber Abraser
D5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards in
C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Sili-
Nuclear Power Plants
cate Masonry Units
D5146 Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coat-
C957/C957M Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold
ings
D5324 Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coat-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and ings
Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.
D6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
High Gloss Coatings
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as G195 – 21. DOI:
D7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather
10.1520/G0195-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G195 − 22
(Rotary Platform, Abraser Method) end-use performance, or used to comparatively rank material
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G195 − 21 G195 − 22
Standard Guide for
1
Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establishing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexible materials
utilizing the rotary platform abraser.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Non-SI units are used when stating rotational speed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B607 Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings for Engineering Use
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
B893 Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesium for Engineering Applications
C501 Test Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber Abraser
C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Silicate Masonry Units
C957/C957M Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane With Integral
Wearing Surface
C1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform
Abraser
C1803 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Mortar Surfaces Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
3
D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D2205 Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
D3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021June 1, 2022. Published November 2021June 2022. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20182021 as
G195 – 18.G195 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/G0195-21.10.1520/G0195-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G195 − 22
D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
D3489 Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane Materials
D3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
D3794 Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
D3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D4685/D4685M Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
3
D4712 Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards in Nuclear Power Plants
D5146 Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
D5324 Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
D6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resista
...

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4.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating compressive strength characteristics of in-place masonry construction through testing of prisms obtained from that construction when sampled in accordance with Practice C1532/C1532M. Decisions made in preparing such field-removed prisms for testing, determining the net area, and interpreting the results of compression tests require professional judgment.  
4.3 If this test method is used as a guideline for performing research to determine the effects of various prism construction or test parameters on the compressive strength of masonry, deviations from this test method shall be reported. Such research prisms shall not be used to verify compliance with a specified compressive strength of masonry.
Note 2: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
4.3.1 Appendix X2 includes guidance information for the researcher on...
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for masonry prism construction and testing, and procedures for determining the tested compressive strength of masonry, fmt, used to determine compliance with the specified compressive strength of masonry,  f ′m. When this test method is used for research purposes, the construction and test procedures within serve as a guideline and provide control parameters.  
1.2 This test method also covers procedures for determining the compressive strength of prisms obtained from field-removed masonry specimens.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G134-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to estimate the relative resistances of materials to cavitation erosion, as may be encountered for instance in pumps, hydraulic turbines, valves, hydraulic dynamometers and couplings, bearings, diesel engine cylinder liners, ship propellers, hydrofoils, internal flow passages, and various components of fluid power systems or fuel systems of diesel engines. It can also be used to compare erosion produced by different liquids under the conditions simulated by the test. Its general applications are similar to those of Test Method G32.  
5.2 In this test method cavitation is generated in a flowing system. Both the velocity of flow which causes the formation of cavities and the chamber pressure in which they collapse can be changed easily and independently, so it is possible to study the effects of various parameters separately. Cavitation conditions can be controlled easily and precisely. Furthermore, if tests are performed at constant cavitation number (σ), it is possible, by suitably altering the pressures, to accelerate or slow down the testing process (see 11.2 and Fig. A2.2).  
5.3 This test method with standard conditions should not be used to rank materials for applications where electrochemical corrosion or solid particle impingement plays a major role. However, it could be adapted to evaluate erosion-corrosion effects if the appropriate liquid and cavitation number, for the service conditions of interest, are used (see 11.1).  
5.4 For metallic materials, this test method could also be used as a screening test for applications subjected to high-speed liquid drop impingement, if the use of Practice G73 is not feasible. However, this is not recommended for elastomeric coatings, composites, or other nonmetallic aerospace materials.  
5.5 The mechanisms of cavitation erosion and liquid impingement erosion are not fully understood and may vary, depending on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the liquid/solid interaction...
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1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it, thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of various liquids.  
1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holder shape and size, the specimen size and its method of mounting, and the minimum test chamber size. Procedures are described for selecting the standoff distance and one of several standard test conditions. Deviation from some of these conditions is permitted where appropriate and if properly documented. Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus, test and reporting procedures, and the precautions to be taken. Standard reference materials are specified; these must be used to verify the operation of the facility and to define the normalized erosion resistance of other materials.  
1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed, one using test liquids which can be run to waste, for example, tap water, and the other using liquids which must be recirculated, for example, reagent water or various oils. Slightly different test circuits are required for each type.  
1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test Method G32. In that method, cavitation is induced by vibrating a submerged specimen at high frequency (20 kHz) with a specified amplitude. In the present method, cavitation is generated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity and the downstream pressure (which causes the bubble collapse) can be varied independently.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to addres...

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ASTM
ASTM E1319-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for High-Temperature Static Strain Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of this guide is voluntary and is intended for use as a procedures guide for selection and application of specific types of strain gages for high-temperature installations. No attempt is made to restrict the type of strain gage types or concepts to be chosen by the user. The provisions of this guide may be invoked in specifications and procedures by specifying those that shall be considered mandatory for the purpose of the specific application. When so invoked, the user shall include in the work statement a notation that provisions of this guide shown as recommendation shall be considered mandatory for the purposes of the specification or procedure concerned, and shall include a statement of any exceptions to or modifications of the affected provisions of this guide.
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1.1 This guide covers the selection and application of strain gages for the measurement of static strain up to and including the temperature range from 425 °C to 650 °C (800 °F to 1200 °F). This guide reflects some state-of-the-art techniques in high-temperature strain measurement.  
1.2 This guide assumes that the user is familiar with the use of bonded strain gages and associated signal conditioning circuits and instrumentation as discussed in  (1)  and (2).2 The strain gage systems described are those that have proven effective in the temperature range of interest and were available at the time of issue of this guide. It is not the intent of this guide to limit the user to one of the strain gage types described nor is it the intent to specify the type of strain gage system to be used for a specific application. However, in using any strain gage system including those described, the proposer shall be able to demonstrate the capability of the proposed strain gage system to meet the selection criteria provided in Section 5 and the needs of the specific application.  
1.3 The devices and techniques described in this guide can sometimes be applicable at temperatures above and below the range noted, and for making dynamic strain measurements at high temperatures with proper precautions. The strain gage manufacturer should be consulted for recommendations and details of such applications.  
1.4 The references are a part of this guide to the extent specified in the text.  
1.5 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E6-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general definitions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.  
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E1823.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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