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ASTM F645-95

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water Pressure Piping Systems

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water Pressure Piping Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design, and installation of thermoplastic water pressure piping systems for use outside buildings. For specific projects, a thorough review of these guides is recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials, methods of joining, system design factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.  
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.  
1.3 The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the requirements of one or more of the following component product standards listed in 1.3.1 through to the extent applicable. Those pipe standards followed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes. Those followed by (b) are inside diameter-controlled pipes.  
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping components : ASTM Title of Specification Designation Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120 (a) D 1785 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D 2241 Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D 2464 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 D 2466 Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D 2467 Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings D 2564 Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D 2672 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2740 Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line Couplings D 3036 Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals D 3139 Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F 477 PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe Joints (Note 1) F 545
1.3.2 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:  ASTM Title of Specification Designation Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40 (b) D 2104 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b) D 2239 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside Diameter (a) D 2447 Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D 2609 Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a) D 2683 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2737 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter (a) D 3035 Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing D 3261
1.3.3 For polybutylene (PB) plastic piping components :  ASTM Title of Specification Designation Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (b) D 2662 Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2666 Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter (a) D 3000
1.3.4 For acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic piping components :  ASTM Title of Specification Designation Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (a) D 1527 Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings D 2235 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D 2282 Threaded Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D 2465 Socket-Type Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 D 2468 Socket-Type Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D 2469 PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe Joints (Note 1) F 545
1.3.5 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water Works Association:  C900-75 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe, 4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a) C901-78 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing and Fittings, 1/2-inch through 3-inch, for Water
1.3.6 Pipes with wall thicknesses less than 1.50 mm (0.06 in.) are not recommende...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1995
ICS
23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.61 - Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F645-02 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002

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ASTM F645-95 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water Pressure Piping SystemsASTM F645-95 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water Pressure Piping Systems
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ASTM F645-95 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water Pressure Piping Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 645 – 95 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water
1
Pressure Piping Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
with ABS pipe and ABS fittings. Joining PVC pipe to ABS fittings and
1. Scope
vice versa is not recommended for pressure piping systems.
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design,
1.3.2 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:
and installation of thermoplastic water pressure piping systems
ASTM
for use outside buildings. For specific projects, a thorough
Title of Specification Designation
review of these guides is recommended for the purpose of
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40 (b) D 2104
selecting specific materials, methods of joining, system design
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b) D 2239
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80, D 2447
factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure
Based on Outside Diameter (a)
a satisfactory system.
Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D 2609
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project
Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter- D 2683
Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a)
specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide.
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2737
Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on D 3035
practices or systems at variance with governing codes and
Controlled Outside Diameter (a)
Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for D 3261
project specifications.
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
1.3 The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the
1.3.3 For polybutylene (PB) plastic piping components:
requirements of one or more of the following component
product standards listed in 1.3.1 through to the extent appli-
ASTM
Title of Specification Designation
cable. Those pipe standards followed by (a) are outside
Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (b) D 2662
diameter-controlled pipes. Those followed by (b) are inside
Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2666
diameter-controlled pipes. Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside D 3000
Diameter (a)
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping compo-
nents:
1.3.4 For acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pip-
ASTM
ing components:
Title of Specification Designation
ASTM
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 D 1785
Title of Specification Designation
and 120 (a)
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, D 1527
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D 2241
Schedules 40 and 80 (a)
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, D 2464
Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) D 2235
Schedule 80
Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule D 2466
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe D 2282
40
(SDR-PR) (a)
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D 2467
Threaded Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe D 2465
Fittings, Schedule 80
Fittings, Schedule 80
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D 2564
Socket-Type Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic D 2468
and Fittings
Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40
Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D 2672
Socket-Type Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic D 2469
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2740
Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line D 3036
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe F 545
Couplings
Joints (Note 1)
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric D 3139
Seals
1.3.5 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE)
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F 477
Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe F 545
Joints (Note 1) Works Association:
C900-75 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,
NOTE 1—Only PVC cements should be used to make joints with PVC
4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a)
pipe and PVC fittings. Only ABS cements should be used to make joints
C901-78 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing
1
and Fittings, ⁄2-inch through 3-inch, for Water
1
This guide is u
...

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ASTM D1598-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The data obtained by this test method are useful for establishing stress versus failure time relationships in a controlled environment from which the hydrostatic design basis for plastic pipe materials can be computed. (Refer to Test Method D2837 and Practice D2992.)  
5.2 In order to determine how plastics will perform as pipe, it is necessary to establish the stress-failure time relationships for pipe over 2 or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) in a controlled environment. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data, and therefore the confidence limits should be established.  
Note 2: Some materials may exhibit a nonlinear relationship between log-stress and log-failure time, usually at short failure times. In such cases, the 105-hour stress value computed on the basis of short-term test data may be significantly different than the value obtained when a distribution of data points in accordance with Test Method D2837 is evaluated. However, these data may still be useful for quality control or other applications, provided correlation with long-term data has been established.  
5.3 The factors that affect creep and long-term strength behavior of plastic pipe are not completely known at this time. This procedure takes into account those factors that are known to have important influences and provides a tool for investigating others.  
5.4 Creep, or nonrecoverable deformation for pipe made of some plastics, is as important as actual leakage in deciding whether or not a pipe has failed. Specimens that exhibit localized ballooning, however, may lead to erroneous interpretation of the creep results unless a method of determining creep is established that precludes such a possibility. Circumferential measurements at two or three selected positions on a specimen may not be adequate.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin pipe under constant internal pressure.  
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar Drainage

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications. Two classes (or pipe stiffness) are included and designated as PS 28 and PS 46. The pipe stiffness, impact resistance, pipe flattening, and solvent cement joint tightness shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications in nominal sizes of 4, 6, and 8 in. and in pipe stiffnesses (PS) that are designated as Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 in accordance with its minimum pipe stiffness.  
1.2 Molded fittings for use with highway underdrain pipe are in accordance with Specification D3034. For convenience, some of these fittings are reproduced in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 indicate “pipe stiffness” of 28 and 46, respectively, as outlined in 11.1.
Note 2: Pipe and fittings should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321, or applicable state or local specifications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3203-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Gel Content of Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipes and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many important properties of crosslinked ethylene plastics vary with the gel content. Hence, determination of the gel content provides a basis for controlling production processes and a means of establishing the quality of finished products.  
5.2 Extraction tests permit verification of the proper gel content of any given crosslinked ethylene plastic and they also permit comparison between different crosslinked ethylene plastics, including those containing fillers, provided that, for the latter, the following conditions are met:  
5.2.1 The filler is not soluble in the solvent used in this method at the extraction temperature.  
5.2.2 The amount of filler present in the compound either is known or can be determined.  
5.2.3 Sufficient crosslinking has been achieved to prevent migration of filler during the extraction. It has been found that, at gel content above 30 %, the solvent remains clear and free of filler.  
5.3 Since some oxidative degradation of the material and solvent may occur at the reflux temperature of the solvents, a suitable antioxidant is added to the solvent to inhibit such degradation.  
5.4 This test method is normally used for specimens consisting of an equal representation of the entire cross section of the product, but may also be used to examine specific portions of a product for differences in extent of cross-linking when compared to either a product standard or another sample.  
5.5 This test method is intended for testing crosslinked polyethylene compounds that are not hygroscopic. If compounds that are hygroscopic are tested using this method, specimen conditioning before and after extraction is required.  
5.6 This test method differs from Test Methods D2765, ISO 10147 and Test Method D7567 which also describe procedures for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene. It allows for the use of naphthenic hydrocarbon blend, isoparaffin solvent, or light aromatic solvent naptha as alternatives to xylenes. Xylenes a...
SCOPE
1.1 The gel content of pipe and tubing produced from crosslinked polyethylene plastics as described in Specification F876 and other pipe or tubing standards is determined by extracting with solvents such as xylenes. A test method for quantitative determination of gel content is described herein. The method is applicable to PEX pipe and tubing of all densities, including those containing fillers, and provides correction for the inert fillers present in some of those compounds.  
1.2 Continuous extraction (see definition in Section 3) is used in this method to test the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene specimens. Continuous extraction when used for testing gel content has the advantages of decreased cost of testing, increased accuracy and consistency of results, and decreased test time. This is because extraction with a pure solvent is more efficient than extraction with a partially saturated solvent.  
1.3 While extraction tests may be made on articles of any shape, this test method is applicable for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene pipes and tubing.  
1.4 This test method makes use of xylenes or alternative solvents. Alternative solvents either have lower toxicity than xylenes or allow decreased extraction times. The alternative solvents are also potentially beneficial from an economic and environmental viewpoint. Xylenes are used for referee tests.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in brackets are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard...

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