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ASTM F645-02

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design, and installation of thermoplastic water systems for use outside buildings. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide is recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials, methods of joining, system design factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.
1.3 Units- The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Values in parentheses are for informational purposes only. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other, Combining values for the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the requirements of one or more of the following component product standards listed in 1.3.1 to the extent applicable. Those pipe standards followed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes. Those followed by (b) are inside diameter-controlled pipes.
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping components:
Title of SpecificationASTM DesignationPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120 (a) D 1785 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D 2241 Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D 2464 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40  D 2466Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 D 2467 Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings  D 2564Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D 2672 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a)  D 2740 Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line Couplings  D 3036 Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals D 3139 Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F 477 PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic PipeJoints F 545
1.3.2 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:
Title of SpecificationASTM DesignationPolyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40 (b)  D 2104 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b)  D 2239 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside Diameter (a) D 2447 Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D 2609 Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe ( a)D 2683 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing ( a) D 2737 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter (a) D 3035 Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and TubingD 3261
1.3.3 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water Works Association:
C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a)C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubingand Fittings, 1/ 2-inch through 3-inch, for Water  
1.3.4 Pipes with wall thicknesses less than 1.50 mm (0.06 in.) are not recommended.
1.4 Other Joining Devices—Joining devices other than those covered by the listed standards may be selected by the user on the basis of his own engineering evaluation and service experience.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2002
ICS
23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.61 - Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F645-95 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water Pressure Piping Systems
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Replaced By
ASTM F645-04 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1668-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM F412-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2846/D2846M-19a - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002

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ASTM F645-02 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping SystemsASTM F645-02 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems
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ASTM F645-02 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-Pressure Piping Systems
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 645 – 02
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-
1
Pressure Piping Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D 2564
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design,
and Fittings
and installation of thermoplastic water systems for use outside Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (
a) D 2672
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2740
buildings. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line D 3036
is recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials,
Couplings
methods of joining, system design factor, and any special
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric D 3139
Seals
procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F 477
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe F 545
specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Joints
Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending
1.3.2 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:
practices or systems at variance with governing codes and
project specifications.
ASTM
1.3 Units- The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
Title of Specification Designation
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40 (b) D 2104
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Values in
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b) D 2239
parentheses are for informational purposes only. The values in
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80, D 2447
each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, each
Based on Outside Diameter (a)
Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D 2609
system shall be used independently of the other, Combining
Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter- D 2683
values for the two systems may result in non-conformance with
Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a)
the standard. The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a) D 2737
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on D 3035
the requirements of one or more of the following component
Controlled Outside Diameter (a)
product standards listed in 1.3.1 to the extent applicable. Those
Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for D 3261
pipe standards followed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
pipes. Those followed by (b) are inside diameter-controlled
1.3.3 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE)
pipes.
Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping compo-
Works Association:
nents:
C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,
ASTM
4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a)
Title of Specification Designation
C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 D 1785
1
and Fittings, ⁄2-inch through 3-inch, for Water
and 120 (a)
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D 2241
1.3.4 Pipes with wall thicknesses less than 1.50 mm (0.06
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, D 2464
in.) are not recommended.
Schedule 80
1.4 Other Joining Devices—Joining devices other than
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule D 2466
40
those covered by the listed standards may be selected by the
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D 2467
user on the basis of his own engineering evaluation and service
Fittings, Schedule 80
experience.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water Systems.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally
published as F 645 – 80. Last previous edition F 645 – 95. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F 645–02
2. Referenced Documents ANS
...

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Note 1: Heat fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard is limited to PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard. Heat Fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard is not allowed to pipes and fittings made from any other thermoplastic materials (for example, PA12, PEs, PVCs, etc.).  
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PA-11 Butt Fusion Fittings  
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1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. The notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
Note 1: All the pipe series covered by this specification are permitted to be perforated or belled for joining by solvent cement or belled for joining by an elastomeric seal (gasket). Because this pipe is OD controlled, the inside diameter will vary, and therefore, the pipe ID is not suitable for use as a socket. (For more information see Specification D2672.)
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Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure

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5.1 The data obtained by this test method are useful for establishing stress versus failure time relationships in a controlled environment from which the hydrostatic design basis for plastic pipe materials can be computed. (Refer to Test Method D2837 and Practice D2992.)  
5.2 In order to determine how plastics will perform as pipe, it is necessary to establish the stress-failure time relationships for pipe over 2 or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) in a controlled environment. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data, and therefore the confidence limits should be established.  
Note 2: Some materials may exhibit a nonlinear relationship between log-stress and log-failure time, usually at short failure times. In such cases, the 105-hour stress value computed on the basis of short-term test data may be significantly different than the value obtained when a distribution of data points in accordance with Test Method D2837 is evaluated. However, these data may still be useful for quality control or other applications, provided correlation with long-term data has been established.  
5.3 The factors that affect creep and long-term strength behavior of plastic pipe are not completely known at this time. This procedure takes into account those factors that are known to have important influences and provides a tool for investigating others.  
5.4 Creep, or nonrecoverable deformation for pipe made of some plastics, is as important as actual leakage in deciding whether or not a pipe has failed. Specimens that exhibit localized ballooning, however, may lead to erroneous interpretation of the creep results unless a method of determining creep is established that precludes such a possibility. Circumferential measurements at two or three selected positions on a specimen may not be adequate.  
5.5 Great care must be used to ensure that specimens are representative of the pipe under evaluation. Departure...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin pipe under constant internal pressure.  
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F758-14(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar Drainage

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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications in nominal sizes of 4, 6, and 8 in. and in pipe stiffnesses (PS) that are designated as Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 in accordance with its minimum pipe stiffness.  
1.2 Molded fittings for use with highway underdrain pipe are in accordance with Specification D3034. For convenience, some of these fittings are reproduced in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 indicate “pipe stiffness” of 28 and 46, respectively, as outlined in 11.1.
Note 2: Pipe and fittings should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321, or applicable state or local specifications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3203-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Gel Content of Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipes and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many important properties of crosslinked ethylene plastics vary with the gel content. Hence, determination of the gel content provides a basis for controlling production processes and a means of establishing the quality of finished products.  
5.2 Extraction tests permit verification of the proper gel content of any given crosslinked ethylene plastic and they also permit comparison between different crosslinked ethylene plastics, including those containing fillers, provided that, for the latter, the following conditions are met:  
5.2.1 The filler is not soluble in the solvent used in this method at the extraction temperature.  
5.2.2 The amount of filler present in the compound either is known or can be determined.  
5.2.3 Sufficient crosslinking has been achieved to prevent migration of filler during the extraction. It has been found that, at gel content above 30 %, the solvent remains clear and free of filler.  
5.3 Since some oxidative degradation of the material and solvent may occur at the reflux temperature of the solvents, a suitable antioxidant is added to the solvent to inhibit such degradation.  
5.4 This test method is normally used for specimens consisting of an equal representation of the entire cross section of the product, but may also be used to examine specific portions of a product for differences in extent of cross-linking when compared to either a product standard or another sample.  
5.5 This test method is intended for testing crosslinked polyethylene compounds that are not hygroscopic. If compounds that are hygroscopic are tested using this method, specimen conditioning before and after extraction is required.  
5.6 This test method differs from Test Methods D2765, ISO 10147 and Test Method D7567 which also describe procedures for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene. It allows for the use of naphthenic hydrocarbon blend, isoparaffin solvent, or light aromatic solvent naptha as alternatives to xylenes. Xylenes a...
SCOPE
1.1 The gel content of pipe and tubing produced from crosslinked polyethylene plastics as described in Specification F876 and other pipe or tubing standards is determined by extracting with solvents such as xylenes. A test method for quantitative determination of gel content is described herein. The method is applicable to PEX pipe and tubing of all densities, including those containing fillers, and provides correction for the inert fillers present in some of those compounds.  
1.2 Continuous extraction (see definition in Section 3) is used in this method to test the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene specimens. Continuous extraction when used for testing gel content has the advantages of decreased cost of testing, increased accuracy and consistency of results, and decreased test time. This is because extraction with a pure solvent is more efficient than extraction with a partially saturated solvent.  
1.3 While extraction tests may be made on articles of any shape, this test method is applicable for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene pipes and tubing.  
1.4 This test method makes use of xylenes or alternative solvents. Alternative solvents either have lower toxicity than xylenes or allow decreased extraction times. The alternative solvents are also potentially beneficial from an economic and environmental viewpoint. Xylenes are used for referee tests.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in brackets are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard...

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