ASTM C1876-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Electrical Resistivity or Bulk Conductivity of Concrete
Standard Test Method for Bulk Electrical Resistivity or Bulk Conductivity of Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The electrical resistivity of a concrete is the opposition to the movement of ions under an applied electric field. The electrical conductivity of a concrete is a measure of how readily the ions in the pore solution can be transported through the concrete under an applied electric field (the higher the conductivity, the greater the rate of transport). The electrical resistivity or conductivity is a material property that depends upon the pore volume, the pore structure (size and connectivity), the pore solution composition, the degree of saturation of the concrete specimen, and the specimen’s temperature. Concrete mixture characteristics that are known to affect concrete electrical resistivity, as well as resistance to chloride ion penetration, include water-cementitious materials ratio, pozzolans, slag cement, the presence of polymeric admixtures, air-entrainment, aggregate type, aggregate volume fraction, degree of consolidation, curing method, and age.
5.2 The bulk electrical resistivity of concrete is the inverse of its bulk electrical conductivity. Bulk electrical conductivity can also be measured by Test Method C1760, which uses the apparatus described in Test Method C1202. This test method, however, uses apparatus specifically designed to measure bulk conductivity or bulk resistivity.
5.3 The purpose of conditioning in a simulated pore solution is to bring the specimen to a level of near complete saturation of the capillary and gel pores. When comparing two different concrete specimens, it is important to condition both specimens as close as possible to a comparable saturation state, using the same solution for conditioning, so that values can be compared in a meaningful way. This is particularly true for using the measured resistivity or conductivity, along with other information, to estimate the diffusivity.
5.4 The bulk electrical resistivity or conductivity of concrete can provide a rapid indication of its resistance to chloride ion penetrati...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk electrical resistivity or conductivity of molded specimens or cored sections of hardened concrete after immersion in water saturated with a simulated pore solution in order to provide a rapid indication of its resistance to the penetration of fluids and dissolved aggressive ions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.2
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)3 For specific warning statement see 8.1.2.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1876 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Electrical Resistivity or Bulk Conductivity of Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1876; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
electrical resistivity or conductivity of molded specimens or
Specimens in the Field
cored sections of hardened concrete after immersion in water
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
saturated with a simulated pore solution in order to provide a
drical Concrete Specimens
rapid indication of its resistance to the penetration of fluids and
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
dissolved aggressive ions.
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
gregates
standard. If required results obtained from another standard are
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
not reported in the same system of units as used by this
Specimens in the Laboratory
standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
2
conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes C1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s
Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered C1556 Test Method for Determining the Apparent Chloride
Diffusion Coefficient of Cementitious Mixtures by Bulk
as requirements of this standard.
Diffusion
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C1760 Test Method for Bulk Electrical Conductivity of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5
Hardened Concrete (Withdrawn 2021)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
3 Terminology C125.
prolonged exposure.) For specific warning statement see
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
8.1.2.
3.2.1 bulk electrical resistivity, n—material property that
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
quantifies how strongly the material opposes the flow of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
electrical charge when an electric field is applied using
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
electrodes placed on opposite faces of a test specimen; mea-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sured in units of ohm-meter.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2 bulk electrical conductivity, n—material property that
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
quantifies how strongly the material permits the flow of
electrical charge when an electric field is applied using
electrodes placed on opposite faces of a test specimen; mea-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
sured in units of milli-siemens per meter (mS/m).
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.66 on Concrete’s Resistance to Fluid Penetration.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
4
approved in 2019. Last previous edition approved 2023 as C1876–23. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C1876-24 contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Blue_Book.pdf. the ASTM website.
3 5
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02. www.astm.o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1876 − 23 C1876 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Electrical Resistivity or Bulk Conductivity of Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1876; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk electrical resistivity or conductivity of molded specimens or cored
sections of hardened concrete after immersion in water saturated with a simulated pore solution in order to provide a rapid
indication of its resistance to the penetration of fluids and dissolved aggressive ions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is
2
permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns
3
to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.) For specific warning statement see 8.1.2.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
C1556 Test Method for Determining the Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Cementitious Mixtures by Bulk Diffusion
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.66 on
Concrete’s Resistance to Fluid Penetration.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023Jan. 1, 2024. Published December 2023February 2024. Originally approved in 2019. Last previous edition approved 20192023 as
C1876–19. DOI: 10.1520/C1876-23–23. DOI: 10.1520/C1876-24
2
Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.
3
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1876 − 24
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C1760 Test Method for Bulk Electrical Conductivity of Hardened Concrete (Withdrawn 2021)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C125.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bulk electrical resistivity, n—material property that quantifies how strongly the material opposes the flow of electrical charge
when an electric field is applied using electrodes placed on opposite f
...
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