ASTM D2419-14

Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of claylike material present in the test specimen.  
5.2 A minimum sand equivalent value may be specified to limit the permissible quantity of claylike or clay size fines in an aggregate.  
5.3 This test method provides a rapid field method for determining changes in the quality of aggregates during production or placement.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependant upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: following the suggestions of Practice D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field-correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate, under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-size or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equivalent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and some fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand-size particles, and generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust.  
Note 1: For fine aggregates containing clean dust of fracture (clay-size particles that are not clay minerals), test results will depend on the amount of fines present in the material. In this case other tests such as Methylene Blue Value (AASHTO T330) or X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) may be needed to determine if the fines are deleterious.
Note 2: Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size smaller than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping the clay-size or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm (No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower the numerical results of the test.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11 Section 1.2, “the values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inchpound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2014
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.51 - Aggregate Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2419 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate, C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-size for Test Methods for Construction Materials
or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equiva- Size
lent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and some D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, ments
sand-size particles, and generally undesirable clay or plastic D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
fines and dust. D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
NOTE1—Forfineaggregatescontainingcleandustoffracture(clay-size
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
particles that are not clay minerals), test results will depend on the amount
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
of fines present in the material. In this case other tests such as Methylene
BlueValue (AASHTOT330) or X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) may be needed
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
to determine if the fines are deleterious.
Sieves
NOTE 2—Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
smaller than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.This is done to avoid trapping the
T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded
clay-size or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm
3
Aggregates and Soils by Use of Sand Equivalent Test
(No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower
the numerical results of the test.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1 Definitions:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.1 clay size—that portion of the soil or aggregate finer
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
than 0.002 mm (0.005 mm in some cases) (see Terminology
and are not considered standard.
D653).
1.2.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11 Section 1.2,
3
“the values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for
3.1.2 fine aggregate—aggregate passing the 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.)
the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of
sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
thewiresusedinthewirecloth.Thevaluesstatedininchpound
and predominantly retained on the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve (see
units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve
Terminology D8).
frames.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate
3.1.3 sand—particles of rock that will pass the 4.75 mm
inch-pounddesignationsareprovidedforinformationpurposes
(No. 4) sieve and be retained on the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve
and enclosed in parentheses.
(see Terminology D653).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 sand equivalent—a measure of the amount of silt, clay
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contamination, or clay-size aggregate particles in the fine
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
aggregate (or soil) as determined by test (see Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D653). (For further explanation, see Section 4 and Section 5.)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aggregate Tests. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2419 – 09. DOI: Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
10.1520/D2419-14. http://www.transportation.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2419 − 09 D2419 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field-correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate, under
standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-likeclay-size or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates that
pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equivalent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and some fine
aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand, sand-size particles, and generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and
dust.
NOTE 1—For fine aggregates containing clean dust of fracture (clay-size particles that are not clay minerals), test results will depend on the amount
of fines present in the material. In this case other tests such as Methylene Blue Value (AASHTO T330) or X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) may be needed to
determine if the fines are deleterious.
NOTE 2—Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size smaller than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping the
clay-likeclay-size or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm (No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower
the numerical results of the test.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11 Section 1.2, “the values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the
dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inchpound units
shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound
designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3
T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of Sand Equivalent Test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Aggregate
Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009June 1, 2014. Published July 2009September 2014. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
D2419 – 02.D2419 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D2419-09.10.1520/D2419-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2419 − 14
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 clay size—that portion of the soil or aggregate finer than 0.002 mm (0.005 mm in some cases) (see Terminology D653)
...