ASTM E2319-22

Standard Test Method for Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air flow characteristics of various components of the window system under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions.
Note 3: The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.4 ,5,6 These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.  
5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method E283/E283M, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining air leakage separately through the face and sides of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen.
Note 1: Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When special circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in this test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The adapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.  
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.
Note 2: Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not addressed by this test method.  
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Test Method E783. Test Method E783 will not provide the user with a means of determining air flow through the sides of tested specimens.  
1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see Section 7.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2022
• ICS: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E783-02(2018) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Refers: ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM E631-14 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM E783-02(2010) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Refers: ASTM E631-06 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Refers: ASTM E783-93 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Refers: ASTM E783-02 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Refers: ASTM E631-93a(1998)e1 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 28-Jul-2000

Overview

ASTM E2319-22 is the Standard Test Method developed by ASTM International for determining air flow through the face and sides of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified pressure differences across the specimen. This laboratory-based standard is essential for evaluating the air leakage performance of building envelope systems, focusing specifically on the assembly-rather than installation-of fenestration products. By simulating differential air pressure conditions at constant temperature and humidity, this standard provides a reliable, repeatable methodology to measure air leakage and ensure energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and overall building performance.

Key Topics

• Air Leakage Testing: Defines laboratory procedures to measure air leakage rates through the face and sides of exterior windows, doors, and curtain walls.
• Specimen Configuration: Clarifies that only assembly leakage-not installation-should be measured, with provisions for various construction types.
• Pressure Differences: Specifies test methods under controlled differential static air pressures, representative of real-world environmental conditions.
• Calibration and Validation: Outlines requirements for equipment calibration and validation, ensuring accuracy and repeatability in results.
• Reporting: Requires comprehensive documentation of test parameters, sample descriptions, and detailed drawings of specimens and seals.
• Error Analysis: Provides guidance on error sources and acceptable tolerances for measurement accuracy.

Applications

ASTM E2319-22 is widely applied in the architectural, construction, and fenestration industries for:

• Product Development: Assisting manufacturers in evaluating the performance of window, door, and curtain wall assemblies prior to market release.
• Quality Assurance: Supporting in-house or third-party laboratory testing as a measure of product quality and compliance with building codes.
• Building Envelope Design: Informing architects and engineers about the air leakage performance of components, aiding in the design of energy-efficient, comfortable, and durable buildings.
• Comparative Analysis: Providing standardized air leakage data that can be compared between assemblies of similar size, configuration, and design.
• Certification and Conformance: Serving as a testing reference for compliance with specifications from regulatory agencies or sustainability programs.

It is important to note this test method is intended for laboratory evaluation rather than field testing of installed units-field air leakage should be measured with ASTM E783.

Related Standards

• ASTM E283/E283M - Standard Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen.
• ASTM E783 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors.
• ASTM E631 - Terminology of Building Constructions.
• ISO/IEC 17025 - General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.

Practical Value

Implementing ASTM E2319-22 enables industry professionals to:

• Enhance Energy Efficiency: Minimize unwanted air infiltration, which contributes to energy loss in heating and cooling systems.
• Improve Indoor Air Quality: Control air leakage to prevent unintended entry of pollutants, moisture, and allergens.
• Meet Regulatory and Performance Benchmarks: Demonstrate conformity with local and international building standards related to fenestration air leakage.
• Support Building Sustainability: Reduce operational costs and support green building certifications by ensuring high-performance envelopes.

By following ASTM E2319-22, laboratories and manufacturers can trust that their air leakage measurements are accurate, traceable, and comparable, driving improvements in window, door, and curtain wall system performance for modern building envelopes.

Keywords: ASTM E2319-22, air leakage, curtain walls, windows, doors, laboratory test method, static pressure chamber, fenestration, building envelope, energy efficiency.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E2319 −22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of
Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified
Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E283/E283M,andprovidesastandardlaboratoryprocedurefor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determining air leakage separately through the face and sides
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method described is for tests with constant temperature and
For specific hazard statement see Section 7.
humidity across the specimen.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 1—Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that
the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined.When special
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
this test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The
adapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior
2. Referenced Documents
windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the
E283/E283MTest Method for Determining Rate of Air
installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter
Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain
purpose.
Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences
NOTE 2—Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a tem-
perature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. Across the Specimen
This is not addressed by this test method.
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
E783Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons
interestedinperformingfieldairleakagetestsoninstalledunits Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
shouldreferenceTestMethodE783.TestMethodE783willnot
2.2 ISO/IEC Standard:
provide the user with a means of determining air flow through
ISO/IEC 17025Testing and Calibration Laboratories
the sides of tested specimens.
3. Terminology
1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and
Terminology E631.
shallhaveageneralunderstandingoffenestrationproductsand
components.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air leakage rate through the face of the specimen
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2 3 2 3
(q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)—
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
A(f) lc(f)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E2319–04 (2019). Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
DOI: 10.1520/E2319-22. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2319−22
the air leakage through the face of the specimen per unit of sides of the specimen, under a test pressure difference and test
specimen area (A) or per unit length of operable crack temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
perimeter (lc).
3.2.13 total air flow through face and sides (Q ), L/s
t(fs)
3.2.2 air leakage rate through the face and sides of the
(ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through
2 3 2
specimen (q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft )—the air leakage
A(fs) thetestchamberandtestapparatus,inclusiveoftheairflowing
throughthefaceandsidesofthespecimenperunitofspecimen
through the face and sides of the test specimen, under a test
area (A).
pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted
to standard conditions.
3.2.3 air leakage rate through the sides of the specimen
2 3 2 3
(q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)— 3
A(s) lf(s)
3.2.14 total air flow through sides (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the
t(s)
the air leakage through the sides of the specimen per unit of
volumeofairflowingperunitoftimethroughthetestchamber
specimen area (A) or per unit length of outside perimeter of
and test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the
specimen frame (lf).
sides of the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowing
3.2.4 air leakage through the face of the specimen (Q ),
through the face of the specimen, under a test pressure
s(f)
L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
through the face of the test specimen under a test pressure
dard conditions.
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
3.2.15 unit length of operable crack perimeter (lc), m
dard conditions.
(ft)—the sum of all perimeters of operable ventilators, sash, or
3.2.5 air leakage through the face and sides of the specimen
doors contained in the test specimen, based on the overall
(Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of
s(fs)
dimensions of such parts.Where two such operable parts meet
timethroughthefaceandsidesofthetestspecimenunderatest
the two adjacent lengths of perimeter shall be counted as only
pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted
one length.
to standard conditions.
3.2.16 unit length of outside perimeter of specimen frame
3.2.6 air leakage through the sides of the specimen (Q ),
s(s)
(lf),m(ft)—theperimeterofthetestspecimen,measuredatthe
L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time
edge of the outer frame.
through the sides of the test specimen under a test pressure
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
4. Summary of Test Method
dard conditions.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Air leakage through the sides of the 4.1 The test consists of sealing the interior and exterior of a
frame (Q ) is provided to inform specifiers of the potential test specimen into or against one face of an air chamber,
s(s)
leakage through the specimen at the window surrounds. The
supplying air to or exhausting air from the chamber at the rate
actual amount of leakage through the sides of the frame required to maintain the specified test pressure difference
depends on the positioning of the sealants, flashings and air
across the specimen, and measuring the resultant air flow
barriers relative to the frame. through the face and sides of the specimen.
3.2.7 extraneous air leakage (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the vol-
e
5. Significance and Use
ume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamber
and test apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the test
5.1 Thistestmethodisastandardprocedurefordetermining
specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature
the air flow characteristics of various components of the
difference, converted to standard conditions.
window system under specified air pressure differences at
3.2.7.1 Discussion—Extraneous leakage is the sum of all
ambient conditions.
leakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.
NOTE 3—The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope
vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the
3.2.8 specimen—theentireassembledunitsubmittedfortest
implicationsortheresultingairleakagerelativetotheenvironmentwithin
as described in Section 8.
4,5,6
buildings are discussed in the literature. These factors should be fully
2 2
3.2.9 specimen area (A), m (ft )—the area determined by
considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.
the overall dimensions of the frame that fits into the rough
5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison
opening.
purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the
3.2.10 standard test conditions—in this test method, dry air
components being tested and compared are of essentially the
at:
same size, configuration, and design.
Pressure—101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)
Temperature—20.8 °C (69.4 °F)
3 3
Air Density—1.202 kg/m (0.075 lb/ft )
2 4
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 1989.Available fromAmerican Society
3.2.11 test pressure differences, Pa (lbf/ft ) —the specified
of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791
differential static air pressure across the specimen.
Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
3 5
Fluid Meters—Their Theory and Application, 5th Edition, 1959.
3.2.12 total air flow through face (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the
t(f)
Power Test Code, 2nd Edition, Part 5, Chapter 4, “Flow Measurements,” 1956.
volumeofairflowingperunitoftimethroughthetestchamber
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
andtestapparatus,inclusiveoftheairflowingthroughtheface
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
ofthetestspecimenbutexclusiveoftheairflowingthroughthe www.asme.org.
E2319−22
6. Apparatus both sides, and sufficient to provide full loading on at least one
typical vertical joint or framing member, or both. The height
6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section is
shallbenotlessthanthefullbuildingstoryheightortheheight
general in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipment
of the unit, whichever is greater, and shall include at least on
capableofmaintainingtherequiredtesttolerancesispermitted.
full horizontal joint, accommodating vertical expansion, such
6.2 Test Chamber—A well-sealed box, wall, or other appa-
jointbeingatornearthebottomofthespecimen,aswellasall
ratus into or against which the specimen is mounted and
connections at top and bottom of the units.
secured for testing.An air supply shall be provided to allow a
8.1.1 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full size
positive or negative pressure differential to be applied across
using the same materials, details, and methods of construction
the specimen without significant extraneous losses. The cham-
and anchorage as used on the actual building.
ber shall be capable of withstanding the differential test
8.1.2 Conditions of structural support shall be simulated as
pressures that may be encountered in this procedure. At least
accurately as possible.
one static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of the
8.2 The test specimen for a window, door, or other compo-
specimentomeasurethetestpressuredifferences.Thepressure
nent shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including frame
tapshallbelocatedinanareaofthechamberinwhichpressure
and anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installation
readings will not be affected by any supply air. The air supply
in the building. If only one specimen is to be tested the
opening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which it
selection shall be determined by the specifying authority.
does not directly impinge upon the test specimen.
NOTE 4—The air leakage rate is likely to be a function of size and
6.2.1 Supply Air System—A controllable blower, exhaust
geometry of the specimen.
fan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required air
flowatthespecifiedtestpressuredifference.Thesystemshould
9. Validation
provide essentially constant air flow at the specified test
pressure difference for a time period sufficient to obtain 9.1 Validationshallbeperformedbymountingaplywoodor
similar rigid panel to the test chamber in place of a test
readings of air flow. The inlet into the chamber (sealed box)
shall be located or be shielded with a baffle so that the air flow specimen, using the same mounting procedures as used for
standard specimens.The panel shall be 19mm 63mm( ⁄4in.
is not directed upon the test specimen.
6.2.2 Pressure Measuring Apparatus—Adevice to measure 6 ⁄8in.) thick. The edge of the aperture supporting the orifice
plateshallnotbelessthan50mm(2in.)fromthenearestedge
the differential test pressures to 62% of set point or 62.5 Pa
(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater. oftheapertureintheorificeplate.Theoveralldimensionofthe
orifice plates shall sufficiently overlap the supporting aperture
6.2.3 Air Flow Metering System—A device to measure the
air flow to 65% into/out of the test chamber or through the to enable adequate sealing. The panel shall be attached to a
minimum 140mm (5 ⁄2in.) deep (nominal 2 by 6) pine test
testspecimen.Typicallyairflowismeasuredusingamassflow
frame (buck) with dimensions of 1220 mm wide by 1830 mm
meter or volumetric flow meter. Methods to adjust volumetric
high (4 ft wide by 6 ft high).The test frame and panel shall be
flow meter measurements to standard conditions are included
sealed at all joints.
in Section 12.
6.2.4 Air Temperature Measurement Apparatus—A device
9.2 Each orifice plate shall be constructed of 3.175 mm ( ⁄8
to measure the temperature of the air to 60.5K at the flow
in.) thick stainless steel having an outside dimension sufficient
meter.Thisdevicemaybebuilt-inorintegraltotheflowmeter.
to cover the aperture of the panel as specified in 9.1, and
6.2.5 Absolute Pressure Measurement Apparatus—Adevice
interior square edge diameters of the orifices are 6.35mm
to measure the absolute pressure to 62 % within the labora-
(0.250 in.), 12.70 mm (0.500 in.), 25.40 mm (1.000 in.),
tory.
38.10mm (1.500in.), 50.80mm (2.000in.), and 63.50mm
6.2.6 Relative Humidity Measurement Apparatus—Adevice
(2.500in.) as needed. The dimensions of the orifice plate shall
to measure the relative humidity of the air to 62%R.H. at the
be NIST-traceable or verified by an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited
flow meter or at a location where no change in the moisture
calibration laboratory.
content can occur between the flow meter and the relative
9.3 Fasten the orifice plate to the panel, centered over the
humidity sensor. This device may be built-in or integral to the
panel aperture. Seal the hole in the orifice plate with a suitable
flow meter.
adhesive tape so that an extraneous reading on the air flow
7. Hazards
system can be obtained. Measure the amount of such leakage
with the orifice plate sealed at the air pressure difference as
7.1 Precaution—Glass breakage may occur at the test pres-
referenced in 10.1.2. After determining the extraneous air
sure differences applied in this test. Adequate precautions
leakage, remove the adhesive tape from the hole in the orifice
should be taken to protect personnel.
plate and repeat the process to determine the total measured
flow. The measured air flows shall be corrected to standard
8. Test Specimen
conditions (see S
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2319 − 04 (Reapproved 2019) E2319 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of
Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified
Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method E283E283/E283M, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for
determining air leakage separately through the face and sides of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified
differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity
across the specimen.
NOTE 1—Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When special
circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in this
test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The adapted testing
procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such
leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.
NOTE 2—Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not
addressed by this test method.
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should
reference Test Method E783. Test Method E783 will not provide the user with a means of determining air flow through the sides
of tested specimens.
1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall
have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see Section 7.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performance
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019Aug. 1, 2022. Published January 2019August 2022. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20112019 as
E2319–04 (2011).(2019). DOI: 10.1520/E2319–04R19.10.1520/E2319-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2319 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E283E283/E283M Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and
Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
2.2 ISO/IEC Standard:
ISO/IEC 17025 Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in Terminology E631.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2 3 2 3
3.2.1 air leakage rate through the face of the specimen (q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)—the air leakage
A(f) lc(f)
through the face of the specimen per unit of specimen area (A) or per unit length of operable crack perimeter (lc).
2 3 2
3.2.2 air leakage rate through the face and sides of the specimen (q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft )—the air leakage through the face
A(fs)
and sides of the specimen per unit of specimen area (A).
2 3 2 3
3.2.3 air leakage rate through the sides of the specimen (q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)—the air
A(s) lf(s)
leakage through the sides of the specimen per unit of specimen area (A) or per unit length of outside perimeter of specimen frame
(lf).
3.2.4 air leakage through the face of the specimen (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through the
s(f)
face of the test specimen under a test pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
3.2.5 air leakage through the face and sides of the specimen (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time
s(fs)
through the face and sides of the test specimen under a test pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted to
standard conditions.
3.2.6 air leakage through the sides of the specimen (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through the
s(s)
sides of the test specimen under a test pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—
Air leakage through the sides of the frame (Q ) is provided to inform specifiers of the potential leakage through the specimen
s(s)
at the window surrounds. The actual amount of leakage through the sides of the frame depends on the positioning of the sealants,
flashings and air barriers relative to the frame.
3.2.7 extraneous air leakage (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamber and test
e
apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the test specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature difference,
converted to standard conditions.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—
Extraneous leakage is the sum of all leakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.
3.2.8 specimen—the entire assembled unit submitted for test as described in Section 8.
2 2
3.2.9 specimen area (A), m (ft )—the area determined by the overall dimensions of the frame that fits into the rough opening.
3.2.10 standard test conditions—in this test method, dry air at:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland,
https://www.iso.org.
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Pressure—101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)
Temperature—20.8°C (69.4°F)
Temperature—20.8 °C (69.4 °F)
3 3
Air Density—1.202 kg/m (0.075 lb/ft )
3.2.11 test pressure differences, Pa (lbf/ft ) —the specified differential static air pressure across the specimen.
3.2.12 total air flow through face (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamber and
t(f)
test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the face of the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowing through the sides
of the specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
3.2.13 total air flow through face and sides (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through the test
t(fs)
chamber and test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the face and sides of the test specimen, under a test pressure
difference and test temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
3.2.14 total air flow through sides (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamber and
t(s)
test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the sides of the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowing through the face
of the specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
3.2.15 unit length of operable crack perimeter (lc), m (ft)—the sum of all perimeters of operable ventilators, sash, or doors
contained in the test specimen, based on the overall dimensions of such parts. Where two such operable parts meet the two adjacent
lengths of perimeter shall be counted as only one length.
3.2.16 unit length of outside perimeter of specimen frame (lf), m (ft)—the perimeter of the test specimen, measured at the edge
of the outer frame.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test consists of sealing the interior and exterior of a test specimen into or against one face of an air chamber, supplying
air to or exhausting air from the chamber at the rate required to maintain the specified test pressure difference across the specimen,
and measuring the resultant air flow through the face and sides of the specimen.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air flow characteristics of various components of the window
system under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions.
NOTE 3—The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications
4,5,6
or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature. These factors should be fully considered in
specifying the test pressure differences to be used.
5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components
being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section is general in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipment capable of
maintaining the required test tolerances is permitted.
6.2 Test Chamber—A well sealed well-sealed box, wall, or other apparatus into or against which the specimen is mounted and
secured for testing. An air supply shall be provided to allow a positive or negative pressure differential to be applied across the
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 1989. Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie
Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
Fluid Meters—Their Theory and Application, 5th Edition, 1959.
Power Test Code, 2nd Edition, Part 5, Chapter 4, “Flow Measurements,” 1956. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International
Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
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specimen without significant extraneous losses. The chamber shall be capable of withstanding the differential test pressures that
may be encountered in this procedure. At least one static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of the specimen to measure
the test pressure differences. The pressure tap shall be located in an area of the chamber in which pressure readings will not be
affected by any supply air. The air supply opening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which it does not directly impinge
upon the test specimen.
6.2.1 Supply Air System—A controllable blower, exhaust fan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required air flow at the
specified test pressure difference. The system should provide essentially constant air flow at the specified test pressure difference
for a time period sufficient to obtain readings of air flow. The inlet into the chamber (sealed box) shall be located or be shielded
with a baffle so that the air flow is not directed upon the test specimen.
6.2.2 Pressure Measuring Apparatus—A device to measure the differential test pressures to 62 % of setpoint set point or 62.5
Pa (60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.
6.2.3 Air Flow Metering System—A device to measure the air flow into to 65 % into/out of the test chamber or through the test
specimen. Typically air flow is measured using a mass flow meter or volumetric flow meter. Methods to adjust volumetric flow
meter measurements to standard conditions are included in Section 12.
6.2.4 Air Temperature Measurement Apparatus—A device to measure the temperature of the air to 60.5 K at the flow meter. This
device may be built-in or integral to the flow meter.
6.2.5 Absolute Pressure Measurement Apparatus—A device to measure the absolute pressure to 62 % within the laboratory.
6.2.6 Relative Humidity Measurement Apparatus—A device to measure the relative humidity of the air to 62 % R.H. at the flow
meter or at a location where no change in the moisture content can occur between the flow meter and the relative humidity sensor.
This device may be built-in or integral to the flow meter.
7. Hazards
7.1 Precaution—Glass breakage may occur at the test pressure differences applied in this test. Adequate precautions should be
taken to protect personnel.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 The test specimen for a wall shall be of sufficient size to determine the performance of all typical parts of the wall system.
For curtain walls or walls constructed with prefabricated units, the specimen width shall be not less than two typical units plus the
connections and supporting elements at both sides, and sufficient to provide full loading on at least one typical vertical joint or
framing member, or both. The height shall be not less than the full building story height or the height of the unit, whichever is
greater, and shall include at least on full horizontal joint, accommodating vertical expansion, such joint being at or near the bottom
of the specimen, as well as all connections at top and bottom of the units.
8.1.1 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full size using the same materials, details, and methods of construction and
anchorage as used on the actual building.
8.1.2 Conditions of structural support shall be simulated as accurately as possible.
8.2 The test specimen for a window, door, or other component shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including frame and
anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installation in the building. If only one specimen is to be tested the selection shall
be determined by the specifying authority.
NOTE 4—The air leakage rate is likely to be a function of size and geometry of the specimen.
9. CalibrationValidation
9.1 CalibrationValidation shall be performed by mounting a plywood or similar rigid blankpanel to the test chamber in place of
a test specimen, using the same mounting procedures as used for standard specimens. The blankpanel shall be 1919 mm 6 3 mm
3 1
3 mm ( ⁄4 in. 6 ⁄8 in.) thick, with a 150 mm (6 in.) diameter hole(s) over which NIST traceable orifice plates shall be mounted.
The blank in.) thick. The edge of the aperture supporting the orifice plate shall not be less than 50 mm (2 in.) from the nearest edge
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of the aperture in the orifice plate. The overall dimension of the orifice plates shall sufficiently overlap the supporting aperture to
enable adequate sealing. The panel shall be attached to a minimum 140 mm 140 mm (5 ⁄2 in.) in.) deep (nominal 2 by 6) pine test
frame (buck) with dimensions of 1220 mm wide by 1830 mm high (4 ft wide by 6 ft high). The test frame and blankpanel shall
be sealed at all joints.
9.2 Each NIST traceable orifice plate shall be constructed of 33.175 mm ( ⁄8 in.) thick stainless steel having an outside diameter
of 200 mm (8 in.) dimension sufficient to cover the aperture of the panel as specified in 9.1, and interior square edge diameters
of 25.40 mm (1.000 in.), 38.10 mm (1.500 in.) and 50.80 mm (2.000 in.).the orifices are 6.35 mm (0.250 in.), 12.70 mm (0.500 in.),
25.40 mm (1.000 in.), 38.10 mm (1.500 in.), 50.80 mm (2.000 in.), and 63.50 mm (2.500 in.) as needed. The dimensions of the
orifice plate shall be NIST-traceable or verified by an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited calibration laboratory.
9.3 Fasten the orifice plate to the blank, centered over a 150 mm (6 in.) diameter hole. panel, centered over the panel aperture.
Seal the hole in the orifice plate with a suitable adhesive tape so that an extraneous reading on the air flow system can be obtained.
Measure the amount of such leakage with the orifice plate sealed,sealed at the air pressu
...