ASTM E2068-00(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and Doors
Standard Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and Doors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines the operational forces of sliding windows and doors by simulating force applied by hand directly to movable sash or panels. Breakaway and in-motion operating forces are measures of the ease of operation of fenestration products. Product specifications, building codes, and building specifications establish operating force limits as measures of product performance or limits for handicapped accessibility, or both.
Window and door performance standards for air infiltration and water penetration in some cases require operating force measurements to be made and reported as an indication of the operability of the test specimen.
Operating forces can vary significantly from unit to unit due to factors such as installation parameters, wearing of sliding or rolling parts, lubrication, stiffening or softening of weather-strip, and environmental factors (for example, humidity, temperature, accumulation of dirt, and so forth). Therefore, when applied to new product designs, this test method requires that units be tested in a laboratory under controlled conditions including accurate mounting (plumb, square, and level) following the manufacturer's instructions. Use of this test method in the field does not necessarily indicate the operating forces that are inherent in the particular window design, but rather, provides a measurement of the forces required for operation of the particular unit at the particular time. The user is cautioned that installation defects such as bowed jambs, racked frames, or inadequate anchoring can result in binding or sticking of movable components and increased operating forces.
This test method requires measurement of both breakaway and in-motion operating forces. Generally, breakaway force is higher than in-motion operating force due to the difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients or the presence of weather-stripping and sash pockets, or both. Traditional fenestration product standards have required ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the operating forces for opening and closing horizontal and vertical sliding windows and horizontal sliding door systems. It does not address the forces required for opening pivoting, projecting, or other fenestration systems. This test method does not address the use or performance of add-on devices or mechanical operators that might be installed to reduce operating forces of sliding windows or doors. It deals only with the forces necessary to open and close a sash or panel through the direct application of force to the operable sash or panel.
1.2 This test method is suitable for laboratory product comparisons or for qualifying products, or both, as meeting window or door operating force specifications. This test method is also suitable for use in the field to determine the operating forces required to open and close installed sliding windows and doors.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are SI units provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
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Designation: E2068 − 00(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and
Doors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology E631
1.1 This test method determines the operating forces for
unless otherwise specified.
opening and closing horizontal and vertical sliding windows
and horizontal sliding door systems. It does not address the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
forces required for opening pivoting, projecting, or other
3.2.1 breakaway force—the force required to start a sash
fenestration systems.This test method does not address the use
(panel) in motion from a fully closed or fully open position.
or performance of add-on devices or mechanical operators that
3.2.2 fully open position—the point at the limits of the
might be installed to reduce operating forces of sliding
operating hardware (if applicable) or the point at which the
windows or doors. It deals only with the forces necessary to
sash or panel contacts a limiting device.
open and close a sash or panel through the direct application of
3.2.3 fully closed position—the position of the sash or panel
force to the operable sash or panel.
after being closed, latched, and unlatched, or where the sash or
1.2 This test method is suitable for laboratory product
panel is closed to its maximum engagement within a frame or
comparisons or for qualifying products, or both, as meeting
pocket if no latching mechanism is provided.
window or door operating force specifications. This test
3.2.4 in-motion operating force—theforcerequiredtomain-
method is also suitable for use in the field to determine the
tain a sash or panel in motion while moving the sash or panel
operating forces required to open and close installed sliding
between 1 in. from fully open to 1 in. from fully closed
windows and doors.
positions, or 1 in. from fully closed to 1 in. from fully open
position.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are SI units
4. Summary of Test Method
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
4.1 Two equivalent test methods for determining operating
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
force are described. Test Method A uses dead weights and a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cable and pulley system to apply force to operate a sash or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
panel. Test Method B uses a force gage and hand-applied
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pressure to operate a sash or panel. The test specimen is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
mounted in a rigid support frame. After attaching the loading
precautionary statements, see Section 7.
system to the operating sash or panel, the weight or force is
applied and increased until the sash or panel is put into motion.
2. Referenced Documents
This determines breakaway force. Starting from one inch (25
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mm) from a closed or open position the minimum amount of
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
weight or force required to keep a sash in motion, once it is
started moving, is measured. This determines the in-motion
operating force. Forces required to operate a sliding window or
1 patio door in both opening and closing directions are deter-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
mined by this test method.
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
5. Significance and Use
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E2068 – 00. DOI:
10.1520/E2068-00R08.
5.1 This test method determines the operational forces of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
slidingwindowsanddoorsbysimulatingforceappliedbyhand
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
directly to movable sash or panels. Breakaway and in-motion
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. operating forces are measures of the ease of operation of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2068 − 00 (2008)
fenestration products. Product specifications, building codes, 6. Apparatus
and building specifications establish operating force limits as
6.1 This description of apparatus is general in nature and
measures of product performance or limits for handicapped
any arrangement of equipment capable of performing the test
accessibility, or both.
method, within allowable tolerances, is permitted.
5.2 Window and door performance standards for air infil- 6.2 Test Method A—The primary equipment used in Test
tration and water penetration in some cases require operating Method A consists of a set of weights capable of being
suspended and applied in 1-lb (0.5-kg) increments, a platen,
force measurements to be made and reported as an indication
lightweight flexible cable or cord, ball-bearing sheave(s), and a
of the operability of the test specimen.
framework capable of supporting the sheaves and cable system
5.3 Operating forces can vary significantly from unit to unit
in the appropriate location. Sheaves used to transmit the
due to factors such as installation parameters, wearing of
deadweightloadtothespecimenundertestshallbeaminimum
sliding or rolling parts, lubrication, stiffening or softening of
of 3 in. (75 mm) in diameter. Weights used are to be Class F or
weather-strip, and environmental factors (for example,
better. In addition, a force gage in accordance with 7.3.1shall
humidity, temperature, accumulation of dirt, and so forth).
be used to verify that the load applied is transmitted to the unit
Therefore, when applied to new product designs, this test
under test when two or more sheaves are used to direct the
method requires that units be tested in a laboratory under load. (See Fig. 1.)
controlled conditions including accurate mounting (plumb,
6.3 Test Method B—For Test Method B, a calibrated force
square, and level) following the manufacturer’s instructions.
gagewithanaccuracyof 60.5lbf(2.0N)andwithapeakhold
Useofthistestmethodinthefielddoesnotnecessarilyindicate
and continuous reading capability is required.
the operating forces that are inherent in the particular window
6.4 Hardware such as hooks, cable, cord, small pulleys, and
design, but rather, provides a measurement of the forces
screw-eyes are to be used as necessary to provide for attach-
required for operation of the particular unit at the particular
ment of the loading system to the sash or panel.
time. The user is cautioned that installation defects such as
bowed jambs, racked frames, or inadequate anchoring can
7. Safety Precautions
result in binding or sticking of movable components and
7.1 When using Test Method A, be prepared for sudden
increased operating forces.
movement of the sash or panel and potentially rapid dropping
of the weights. The weights are to be suspended in such a
5.4 This test method requires measurement of both break-
manner that their fall will be stopped before the sash moves to
away and in-motion operating forces. Generally, breakaway
the full limit of its travel to reduce impact between compo-
force is higher than in-motion operating force due to the
nents. When using Test Method B, be prepared for sudden
difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients or
movement of the sash or panel.
the presence of weather-stripping and sash pockets, or both.
Traditional fenestration product standards have required deter-
7.2 There can be considerable energy and momentum in
mination of in-motion operating force in the opening direction moving sash or panels that can cause a significant impact when
the sash or panel hits the frame or limiting stops. Care must be
only and referred to this simply as operating force.
taken to avoid injury and potential breakage of the specimen.
5.5 This test method is intended to determine the forces
7.3 Glass breakage will not normally occur at the forces
required to operate a window or sliding door which is properly
applied in these test methods; however, sudden breakaway or
installed and which is operated by hand application of force to
motion can occur. Take precautions to prevent injury from the
a handle, pull bar, or sash member. Application of force
moving sash.
through jerking or impact motion is not measured or evaluated
by this test method. Operating forces can be significantly
8. Test Specimen
different between the opening and closing directions of move-
8.1 The test specimen shall consist of the entire unit as
ment; therefore, this test method involves measurements in
supplied by the manufacturer or as set forth in a referenced
both directions of movement.
specification if applicable. When testing a unit in the field, the
unit’s location and description shall be detailed in the test
5.6 This test method provides for two procedures which
report.
include a dead weight test method (Test MethodA) and a force
gage test method (Test Method B) of applying and measuring
9. Procedure
forces required to operate a sliding window or sliding door.
9.1 Mount the test specimen to the support framework in
When properly applied, both test methods are deemed to
accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
produce equivalent results. The dead weight test method is
The supporting structure shall have a strength and rigidity at
consideredtobelesslikelytobeaffectedbytheoperator’sskill
least equivalent to a nominal 2 by 4 stud wall with studs 16 in.
in applying loads in a steady and properly timed manner. The
(406 mm) on center and faced on one surface with nominal ⁄2
force gage test method is considered simpler to apply and more
in. (12 mm) plywood.
applicable to field testing where the installation of pulleys and
cabling is often impractical. Both test methods are subject to a
9.2 Forlaboratorytests,allowsufficienttimeforthetestunit
similar uncertainty. to fully equilibrate to the laboratory conditions prior to testing.
E2068 − 00 (2008)
FIG. 1 Vertically Sliding Window Typical Arrangements
Fully open and close the test specimen five times, fully 9.5 Number of Trials—For each test method conduct a
engaging the locks or latches on each closure. minimum of three trials. If the results of three trials are all
within 10 % or 1 lb (0.5 kg), whichever is greater, of the
9.3 Identify the location of normal opening or closing force
average of the three trials, no additional trials are required. If
application. This will normally be one or two handles or finger
any of the results of the three trials deviates by more than 10 %
grip areas. For units with no clearly identified handle or grip
or 1 lb, whichever is greater, from the average, conduct seven
area use the following locations: (1) vertical sliding windows
additionaltrials(foratotaloften).Whententrialsarerequired,
(single or double-hung), two points spaced 18 in. (460 mm)
calculate the average value by eliminating the highest and
apart centered on either the sash top rail or bottom rail; or (2)
lowest values recorded and averaging the remaining eight
horizontal sliding windows, one point at the vertical center of
values.
the pull bar (if present) or meeting edge vertical sash member.
9.3.1 Attach the loading system to the center of the indoor
9.6 Breakaway Force—Test Method A, Dead Weight:
handleofslidingdoorassemblies.Ifnoneoftheselocationsare
9.6.1 Close, lock, and unlock the sash or panel. Support the
clearlyappropriate,thespecifyingauthorityshalldeterminethe
platen so that no load is applied, and place a 1-lb (0.5-kg)
location of force application. (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.)
weight on it. While holding the platen, remove the support and
9.4 Attach the loading system to the position identified in gradually lower the weight so that the cable suspends it. This
9.3. When two locations are identified, connect these locations process is to take from 3 to 5 s. Repeat this process, including
with a cable or cord and apply force using a pulley strung on opening, closing, locking, and unlocking the latching
the cable or cord so that the force is evenly distributed between mechanism, increasing the weight on the platen by 1 lb for
the two locations. All forces applied are to be in the direction eachtrialuntiltheweightissufficienttocausethesashorpanel
parallel to the sash or panel surface that will cause the panel to to fully disengage from the frame and any weather-strip or
move in the desired direction. Force is to be applied as close to framepocket.Recordthetotalweightappliedinthisprocessas
the direction and plane of travel as possible. thebreakawayforce.Repeatthisentireprocesstwiceforatotal
E2068 − 00 (2008)
FIG. 2 Patio Door or Sliding Window Assembly
of three trials. Determine if additional trials are required as system,verifythattheforcegagereadsthecorrectvalueforthe
specified in 9.5 and perform if necessary. If the sash movement applied weight. Repeat this procedure at least two additional
required to disengage from weather strip or a frame pocket is times (minimum of three trials) in the opening direction and
greater than 1 in. (25 mm), mark the sash position at the point record the required load for each trial. Determine if additional
of disengagement as the “end point” for this test. trials are required as specified in 9.5 and perform them if
9.6.2 Ifthesashorpanelmovesonitsownwhenthelatch(s)
necessary. It is permissible to start the additional trials with a
is disengaged, record the breakaway force as the weight mass of 5 lb (2.5 kg) below that determined in the first trial
required to initiate motion of the panel from the position the
provided that this mass does not cause the unit to open as
sash or panel moves to. This position is the “end point” for the described in this procedure.
purposes of the in-motion operating force test.
9.8 Repeat the procedures in 9.6 and 9.7 for the closing
9.7 In-Motion Operating Force—Test Method A, Dead
direction. For vertically sliding windows, hang
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2068–00 Designation:E2068–00(Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and
Doors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the operating forces for opening and closing horizontal and vertical sliding windows and
horizontal sliding door systems. It does not address the forces required for opening pivoting, projecting, or other fenestration
systems. This test method does not address the use or performance of add-on devices or mechanical operators that might be
installed to reduce operating forces of sliding windows or doors. It deals only with the forces necessary to open and close a sash
or panel through the direct application of force to the operable sash or panel.
1.2 This test method is suitable for laboratory product comparisons or for qualifying products, or both, as meeting window or
door operating force specifications. This test method is also suitable for use in the field to determine the operating forces required
to open and close installed sliding windows and doors.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are SI units provided
for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology E 631 unless otherwise specified.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 breakaway force—the force required to start a sash (panel) in motion from a fully closed or fully open position.
3.2.2 fully open position—the point at the limits of the operating hardware (if applicable) or the point at which the sash or panel
contacts a limiting device.
3.2.3 fully closed position—the position of the sash or panel after being closed, latched, and unlatched, or where the sash or
panel is closed to its maximum engagement within a frame or pocket if no latching mechanism is provided.
3.2.4 in-motion operating force—the force required to maintain a sash or panel in motion while moving the sash or panel
between 1 in. from fully open to 1 in. from fully closed positions, or 1 in. from fully closed to 1 in. from fully open position.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Two equivalent test methods for determining operating force are described. Test Method A uses dead weights and a cable
and pulley system to apply force to operate a sash or panel. Test Method B uses a force gage and hand-applied pressure to operate
a sash or panel. The test specimen is mounted in a rigid support frame. After attaching the loading system to the operating sash
or panel, the weight or force is applied and increased until the sash or panel is put into motion. This determines breakaway force.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E-6 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Component
Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2000. Published May 2000.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performance
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 2068 – 00.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.11.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2068–00 (2008)
Starting from one inch (25 mm) from a closed or open position the minimum amount of weight or force required to keep a sash
in motion, once it is started moving, is measured. This determines the in-motion operating force. Forces required to operate a
sliding window or patio door in both opening and closing directions are determined by this test method.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method determines the operational forces of sliding windows and doors by simulating force applied by hand
directly to movable sash or panels. Breakaway and in-motion operating forces are measures of the ease of operation of fenestration
products. Product specifications, building codes, and building specifications establish operating force limits as measures of product
performance or limits for handicapped accessibility, or both.
5.2 Window and door performance standards for air infiltration and water penetration in some cases require operating force
measurements to be made and reported as an indication of the operability of the test specimen.
5.3 Operating forces can vary significantly from unit to unit due to factors such as installation parameters, wearing of sliding
orrollingparts,lubrication,stiffeningorsofteningofweather-strip,andenvironmentalfactors(forexample,humidity,temperature,
accumulation of dirt, and so forth). Therefore, when applied to new product designs, this test method requires that units be tested
in a laboratory under controlled conditions including accurate mounting (plumb, square, and level) following the manufacturer’s
instructions. Use of this test method in the field does not necessarily indicate the operating forces that are inherent in the particular
window design, but rather, provides a measurement of the forces required for operation of the particular unit at the particular time.
The user is cautioned that installation defects such as bowed jambs, racked frames, or inadequate anchoring can result in binding
or sticking of movable components and increased operating forces.
5.4 This test method requires measurement of both breakaway and in-motion operating forces. Generally, breakaway force is
higher than in-motion operating force due to the difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients or the presence of
weather-stripping and sash pockets, or both. Traditional fenestration product standards have required determination of in-motion
operating force in the opening direction only and referred to this simply as operating force.
5.5 This test method is intended to determine the forces required to operate a window or sliding door which is properly installed
and which is operated by hand application of force to a handle, pull bar, or sash member.Application of force through jerking or
impactmotionisnotmeasuredorevaluatedbythistestmethod.Operatingforcescanbesignificantlydifferentbetweentheopening
and closing directions of movement; therefore, this test method involves measurements in both directions of movement.
5.6 This test method provides for two procedures which include a dead weight test method (Test Method A) and a force gage
testmethod(TestMethodB)ofapplyingandmeasuringforcesrequiredtooperateaslidingwindoworslidingdoor.Whenproperly
applied, both test methods are deemed to produce equivalent results. The dead weight test method is considered to be less likely
to be affected by the operator’s skill in applying loads in a steady and properly timed manner. The force gage test method is
considered simpler to apply and more applicable to field testing where the installation of pulleys and cabling is often impractical.
Both test methods are subject to a similar uncertainty.
6. Apparatus
6.1 This description of apparatus is general in nature and any arrangement of equipment capable of performing the test method,
within allowable tolerances, is permitted.
6.2 Test Method A— The primary equipment used in Test Method A consists of a set of weights capable of being suspended
and applied in 1-lb (0.5-kg) increments, a platen, lightweight flexible cable or cord, ball-bearing sheave(s), and a framework
capable of supporting the sheaves and cable system in the appropriate location. Sheaves used to transmit the deadweight load to
the specimen under test shall be a minimum of 3 in. (75 mm) in diameter. Weights used are to be Class F or better. In addition,
a force gage in accordance with 7.3.1shall be used to verify that the load applied is transmitted to the unit under test when two
or more sheaves are used to direct the load. (See Fig. 1.)
6.3 Test Method B— For Test Method B, a calibrated force gage with an accuracy of 60.5 lbf (2.0 N) and with a peak hold
and continuous reading capability is required.
6.4 Hardware such as hooks, cable, cord, small pulleys, and screw-eyes are to be used as necessary to provide for attachment
of the loading system to the sash or panel.
7. Safety Precautions
7.1 When using Test Method A, be prepared for sudden movement of the sash or panel and potentially rapid dropping of the
weights. The weights are to be suspended in such a manner that their fall will be stopped before the sash moves to the full limit
of its travel to reduce impact between components. When using Test Method B, be prepared for sudden movement of the sash or
panel.
7.2 There can be considerable energy and momentum in moving sash or panels that can cause a significant impact when the
sash or panel hits the frame or limiting stops. Care must be taken to avoid injury and potential breakage of the specimen.
7.3 Glass breakage will not normally occur at the forces applied in these test methods; however, sudden breakaway or motion
can occur. Take precautions to prevent injury from the moving sash.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 The test specimen shall consist of the entire unit as supplied by the manufacturer or as set forth in a referenced specification
E2068–00 (2008)
FIG. 1 Vertically Sliding Window Typical Arrangements
if applicable. When testing a unit in the field, the unit’s location and description shall be detailed in the test report.
9. Procedure
9.1 Mount the test specimen to the support framework in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The
supporting structure shall have a strength and rigidity at least equivalent to a nominal 2 by 4 stud wall with studs 16 in. (406 mm)
on center and faced on one surface with nominal ⁄2 in. (12 mm) plywood.
9.2 For laboratory tests, allow sufficient time for the test unit to fully equilibrate to the laboratory conditions prior to testing.
Fully open and close the test specimen five times, fully engaging the locks or latches on each closure.
9.3 Identify the location of normal opening or closing force application.This will normally be one or two handles or finger grip
areas. For units with no clearly identified handle or grip area use the following locations: (1) vertical sliding windows (single or
double-hung), two points spaced 18 in. (460 mm) apart centered on either the sash top rail or bottom rail; or ( 2) horizontal sliding
windows, one point at the vertical center of the pull bar (if present) or meeting edge vertical sash member.
9.3.1 Attach the loading system to the center of the indoor handle of sliding door assemblies. If none of these locations are
clearly appropriate, the specifying authority shall determine the location of force application. (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.)
9.4 Attach the loading system to the position identified in 9.3. When two locations are identified, connect these locations with
a cable or cord and apply force using a pulley strung on the cable or cord so that the force is evenly distributed between the two
locations.All forces applied are to be in the direction parallel to the sash or panel surface that will cause the panel to move in the
desired direction. Force is to be applied as close to the direction and plane of travel as possible.
9.5 Number of Trials— For each test method conduct a minimum of three trials. If the results of three trials are all within 10 %
or 1 lb (0.5 kg), whichever is greater, of the average of the three trials, no additional trials are required. If any of the results of
the three trials deviates by more than 10 % or 1 lb, whichever is greater, from the average, conduct 7seven additional trials (for
atotalof10).ten).When10tentrialsarerequired,calculatetheaveragevaluebyeliminatingthehighestandlowestvaluesrecorded
and averaging the remaining 8eight values.
E2068–00 (2008)
FIG. 2 Patio Door or Sliding Window Assembly
9.6 Breakaway Force—Test Method A, Dead Weight:
9.6.1 Close, lock, and unlock the sash or panel. Support the platen so that no load is applied, and place a 1-lb (0.5-kg) weight
on it. While holding the platen, remove the support and gradually lower the weight so that the cable suspends it. This process is
to take from 3 to 5 s. Repeat this process, including opening, closing, locking, and unlocking the latching mechanism, increasing
the weight on the platen by 1 lb for each trial until the weight is sufficient to cause the sash or panel to fully disengage from the
frame and any weather-strip or frame pocket. Record the total weight applied in this process as the breakaway force. Repeat this
entireprocesstwiceforatotalofthreetrials.Determineifadditionaltrialsarerequiredasspecifiedin9.5andperformifnecessary.
If the sash movement required to disengage from weather strip or a frame pocket is greater than 1 in. (25 mm), mark the sash
position at the point of disengagement as the “end point” for this test.
9.6.2 If the sash or panel moves on its own when the latch(s) is disengaged, record the breakaway force as the weight required
to initiate motion of the panel from the position the sash or panel moves to. This position is the “end point” for the purpos
...
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