ASTM A618/A618M-04(2010)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing
Standard Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing
ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of hot-formed welded and seamless high-strength low-alloy square, rectangular, round, or special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general structural purposes. These grades are: Grade Ia and Ib; Grade II; and Grade III. When the steel is used in welded construction, the welding procedure shall be suitable for the steel and the intended service. The tubing shall be made by the seamless, furnace-buttwelded (continuous-welded), or hot-stretch-reduced electric-resistance-welded process. Tensile test and bend test shall be performed for the material to conform to the requirements specified. If the results of the mechanical tests representing any heat do not conform to a requirement, retests shall be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of hot-formed welded and seamless high-strength low-alloy square, rectangular, round, or special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general structural purposes. When the steel is used in welded construction, the welding procedure shall be suitable for the steel and the intended service.
1.2 Grade II has atmospheric corrosion resistance equivalent to that of carbon steel with copper (0.20 minimum Cu) Grades Ia and Ib have atmospheric corrosion resistance substantially better than that of Grade II (Note 1). When properly exposed to the atmosphere, Grades Ia and Ib can be used bare (unpainted) for many applications. When enhanced corrosion resistance is desired, Grade III, copper limits may be specified.
Note 1—For methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steels see Guide G101 or actual data.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:A618/A618M −04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy
Structural Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA618/A618M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope ods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
1.1 This specification covers grades of hot-formed welded
cal Analysis of Steel Products
and seamless high-strength low-alloy square, rectangular,
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
round, or special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general
structural purposes. When the steel is used in welded
3. Ordering Information
construction, the welding procedure shall be suitable for the
steel and the intended service.
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
include the following as required to describe the material
1.2 Grade II has atmospheric corrosion resistance equiva-
adequately:
lent to that of carbon steel with copper (0.20 minimum Cu)
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
Grades Ia and Ib have atmospheric corrosion resistance sub-
3.1.2 Grade (Table 1 and Table 2),
stantially better than that of Grade II (Note 1). When properly
3.1.3 Material (round, square, or rectangular tubing),
exposed to the atmosphere, Grades Ia and Ib can be used bare
3.1.4 Method of manufacture (seamless, buttwelded, or
(unpainted) for many applications. When enhanced corrosion
hot-stretch-reduced electric-resistance welded),
resistance is desired, Grade III, copper limits may be specified.
3.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness for
NOTE 1—For methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resis-
round tubing and the outside dimensions and calculated nomi-
tance of low alloy steels see Guide G101 or actual data.
nal wall thickness for square and rectangular tubing),
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.6 Length (specific or random, see 8.2),
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.7 End condition (see 9.2),
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
3.1.8 Burr removal (see 9.2),
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.1.9 Certification (see 12.1),
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
3.1.10 Specification designation (A618 or A618M, includ-
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
ing yeardate),
standard.
3.1.11 End use, and
3.1.12 Special requirements.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4. Process
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following
of Steel Products
processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace.
A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-
4.2 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When
steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identifi-
cation of the resultant transition material is required. The
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
producer shall remove the transition material by any estab-
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
lished procedure that positively separates the grades.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A618/A618M–04.
5. Manufacture
DOI: 10.1520/A0618_A0618M-04R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 The tubing shall be made by the seamless, furnace-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
buttwelded (continuous-welded), or hot-stretch-reduced
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. electric-resistance-welded process.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A618/A618M−04 (2010)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Element Grade Ia Grade Ib Grade II Grade III
Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product
A A
Carbon, max 0.15 0.18 0.20 . . . 0.22 0.26 0.23 0.27
A A
Manganese 1.00 max 1.04 max 1.35 max 1.40 max 0.85–1.25 1.30 max 1.35 max 1.40 max
Phosphorus, max 0.15 0.16 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.045 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025 0.035
Silicon, max . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.33 0.30 0.35
B B
Copper, min 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18 . . . . . .
C
Vanadium, min . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01
A
For each reduction of 0.01 % C below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.05 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to 1.45 %
for the heat analysis and up to 1.50 % for the product analysis.
B
If chromium and silicon contents are each 0.50 % min, then the copper minimums do not apply.
C
For Grade III, columbium may be used in conformance with the following limits: 0.005 %, min (heat) and 0.004 %, min (product).
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
6.3.1 An analysis may be made by the purchaser from
Grades la, lb, and ll Grade lll finished tubing manufactured in accordance with this specifi-
3 3
Walls ⁄4 in. Walls over ⁄4 cation, or an analysis may be made from flat-rolled stock from
[19.0 mm] to 1 ⁄2 in.
which the welded tubing is manufactured. When product
and Under [19.0 to 38.0
analyses are made, two sample lengths from a lot of each 500
mm], incl
A
lengths, or fraction thereof, shall be selected. The specimens
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 70 [485] 67 [460] 65 [450]
A
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 50 [345] 46 [315] 50 [345] for chemical analysis shall be taken from the sample lengths in
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 22 22 20
accordance with the applicable procedures of Test Methods,
Elongation in 8 in. or 200 mm, min, % 19 18 18
Practices, and Terminology A751. The chemical composition
A
For Grade II, when the material is normalized, the minimum yield strength and
thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in
minimum tensile strength required shall be reduced by 5 ksi [35 MPa].
Table 1 for product analysis.
6.3.2 In the event the chemical composition of one of the
sample lengths does not conform to the requirements shown in
Table 1 for product analysis, an analysis of two additional
6. Chemical Composition
lengthsselectedfromthesamelotshallbemade,eachofwhich
shall conform to the requirements shown in Table 1 for product
6.1 Whensubjectedtotheheatandproductanalysis,respec-
analysis, or the lot is subject to rejection.
tively, the steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in
Table 1.
7. Mechanical Requirements
6.1.1 For Grades Ia and Ib, the choice and use of alloying
elements, combined with carbon, manganese, and sulfur within 7.1 Tensile Properties:
the limits prescribed in Table 1 to give the mechanical 7.1.1 The material, as represented by the test specimen,
properties prescribed in Table 2 and to provide the atmospheric shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 2.
corrosion resistance of 1.2, should be made by the manufac- 7.1.2 Elongation may be determined on a gage length of
turer and included and reported in the heat analysis for either 2 in. [50 mm] or 8 in. [200 mm] at the manufacturer’s
option.
information purposes only to identify the type of steel applied.
For Grades Ia and Ib material, the atmospheric corrosion- 7.1.3 For material under ⁄16 in. [8.0 mm] in thickness, a
deduction from the percentage elongation of 1.25 percentage
resistance index, calculated on the basis of the chemical
composition of the steel as described in Guide G101, shall be points in 8 in. [200 mm] specified in Table 2 shall be made for
6.0 or higher. each decrease of ⁄32 in. [0.8 mm] of the specified thickness
under ⁄16 in. [8.0 mm].
NOTE 2—The user is cautioned that the Guide G101 predictive equation
for calculation of an atmospheric corrosion–resistance index has been
7.2 Bend Test—The bend test specimen shall stand being
verified only for the composition limits stated in that guide.
bent cold through 180° without cracking on the outside of the
6.1.2 When Grade III is required for enhanced corrosion bent portion, to an inside diameter which shall have a relation
resistance, copper limits may be specified and the minimum to the thickness of the specimen as prescribed in Table 3.
content shall be 0.20 % by heat analysis and 0.18 % by product
7.3 Number of Tests—Two tension and two bend tests, as
analysis.
specified in 7.4.2, and 7.4.3, shall be made from tubing
6.2 HeatAnalysis—An analysis of each heat of open-hearth,
basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace steel shall be made by the
TABLE 3 Bend Test Requirements
manufacturer. This analysis shall be made from a test ingot
Thickness of Material, in. [mm] Ratio of Bend Diameter to
takenduringthepouringoftheheat.Thechemicalcomposition
Specimen Thickness
thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in
⁄4 [19.0] and under 1
3 1
Over ⁄4 to 1 [19.0 to 25.0], incl 1 ⁄2
Table 1 for heat analysis.
Over 1 [25.0] 2
6.3 Product Analysis:
A618/A618M−04 (2010)
representing each heat. However, if tubing from one heat 8.2.1.2 The specified dimensions, measured across the flats
differs in the ordered nominal wall thickness, one tension test atpositionsatleast2in.[50mm]fromeitherendofsquareand
and one bend test shall be made from both the heaviest and rectangular tubing and including an allowance for convexity
lightest wall thicknesses processed. and concavity, shall not exceed the plus and minus tolerance
shown in Table 4.
7.4 Test Specimens:
8.2.2 Mass—The mass of structural tubing shall not be less
7.4.1 The test specimens required by this specification shall
than the specified value by more than 3.5 %. The ma
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