ASTM D5763-11(2016)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Degradation of gear oils by oxidation or thermal breakdown, or both, can result in sludge buildup and render the oil unsuitable for further use as a lubricant.  
5.2 This is the only test method that employs glassware to measure the amount of sludge produced during oxidation and thermal degradation. This test method is a modification of Test Method D2893 which measures the viscosity increase and precipitation number of the oil stressed at 95 °C, but does not measure the amount of sludge formed.  
5.3 This test method can be used to evaluate the oxidation/thermal stability of gear oils. However, the test results may not correlate with the performance of gear oils in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pressure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.  
Note 1: While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils. Refer to Classification D2422 for viscosity grades.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2016
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.09.0D - Oxidation of Lubricants

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5763 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils
Using Universal Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida-
tion characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pres- 3.1.1 adherent sludge, n—sludge that is formed on the walls
sure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of of a container and is not easily removed.
total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
3.1.2 aliquot, n—portion of sample being tested that is a
representative portion of the whole.
NOTE 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme
pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be
3.1.3 extreme pressure gear oil, n—gear oil that contains
extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils.
chemical additives, such as sulfur and phosphorus compounds,
Refer to Classification D2422 for viscosity grades.
whichproduceaprotectivefilmonthemetalsurfacetoprovide
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
anti-scuffing and anti-scoring properties.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.4 filterable sludge, n—sludge that is formed in the oil.
standard.
3.1.5 non-extreme pressure gear oil, n, n—gear oil that
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
contains no extreme pressure additives.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 oxidation,n—theprocessbywhichoxygenchemically
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- reacts with materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 sludge, n—in gear oils, a precipitate that sometimes
forms as the oil ages or oxidizes.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 universal glassware, n—the glassware that is de-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
scribed in the universal oxidation thermal stability test. Refer
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
to Guide D4871.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
4. Summary of Test Method
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
4.1 The viscosity of the gear oil being tested is determined.
cosity System
A 100 g aliquot of the oil in a weighed apparatus is subjected
D2893 Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of
to a temperature of 120 °C for 312 h while dry air is passed
Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
through the aliquot at 3 L⁄h.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products 4.2 At the end of the stress period, the aliquot is cooled to
D4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability room temperature.The apparatus is reweighed to determine oil
Test Apparatus
loss. Filterable sludge is recovered by vacuum filtration using
a 2.8 µm glass fiber filter medium. The viscosity of the filtered
oil is determined. Sludge adhering to the oxidation cell and
associated glassware is rinsed with heptane and the washings
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
passed through the same filter used to filter the filterable
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
sludge. The filter is dried in an oven to a constant weight to
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
determine the total filterable sludge.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5763 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/D5763-11R16.
4.3 The apparatus is dried and weighed to determine the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
amountofadherentsludge.Thesumofthefilterablesludgeand
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
adherent sludge is reported as total sludge. The percentage
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. change in viscosity and percent oil loss are also reported.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5763 − 11 (2016)
5. Significance and Use be clamped between the ground glass sealing surfaces of the
funnel and its base by means of a metal clamp.
5.1 Degradation of gear oils by oxidation or thermal
breakdown,orboth,canresultinsludgebuildupandrenderthe 6.9 Oven, explosive-proof, capable of heating from 50 °C to
oil unsuitable for further use as a lubricant. 60 °C and of a sufficient size to hold oxidation cells.
5.2 This is the only test method that employs glassware to 6.10 Thermometer, ASTM solvent distillation thermometer
measure the amount of sludge produced during oxidation and having a range from 98 °C to 152 °C or equivalent digital
thermal degradation. This test method is a modification of Test contact thermometer.
Method D2893 which measures the viscosity increase and
6.11 Vacuum Source, to provide pressure reduction to
precipitation number of the oil stressed at 95 °C, but does not
100 mm 6 5 mm Hg absolute pressure.
measure the amount of sludge formed.
7. Reagents and Materials
5.3 This test method can be used to evaluate the oxidation/
thermal stability of gear oils. However, the test results may not
7.1 Air Supply, dried air, oil free, at constant pressure to
correlate with the performance of gear oils in field service.
permit 3 L⁄h air flow through the system. House air supply or
pressurized air cylinders can be used.
6. Apparatus
7.2 Calcium Sulfate Desiccant,Anhydrous,indicatinggrade
6.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled, ca-
(desiccant that changes color when it nears saturation with
pable of maintaining the oil sample in the oxidation cell at a
water). Desiccants equivalent to calcium sulfate can be used.
uniform temperature of 120 °C 6 1 °C and large enough to
7.3 Heptane—minimum purity, 99.75 %. (Warning—
hold a minimum of two oxidation cells and sufficiently deep to
Heptane is flammable and a health hazard.)
allow approximately 120 mm of the test tubes to extend above
the heating liquid or block. The heating block is further
8. Sampling
described in Test Method D4871.
8.1 Samples for this test method can come from tanks,
6.2 Oxidation Cell, consists of borosilicate glass; a 38 mm
drums, small containers, or operating equipment. Therefore,
inside diameter and a 300 mm 6 5 mm length is required.
use the applicable apparatus and techniques described in
NOTE 2—While the round-robin test used the oxidation cell from a Practice D4057 to obtain suitable samples.
specific equipment manufacturer in determining the precision statement,
8.2 Special precautions to preserve the integrity of a sample
the test method permits the use of other oxidation cells that meet the
will not normally be required. It is good practice to avoid
requirements of 6.2.
undue exposure of samples to heat, sunlight, or strong direct
6.3 Air Delivery Tube, a borosilicate glass tube having an
light. Visibly heterogeneous samples should not be used.
inside diameter of 5 mm and a minimum length of 320 mm,
8.3 It is recommended that a 200 mL representative be
with the lower tip cut at a 45° angle.
obtained.To ensure the aliquot being tested is representative of
NOTE 3—The oxidation cell and delivery tube are further described in
thesample,agitation;forexample,stirringorshakingoftheoil
Test Method D4871.
prior to obtaining an aliquot, is recommended.
6.4 Flowmeters, one for each oxidation cell, capable of
measuring an air flow of 3 L⁄h 6 0.5 L⁄h.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
6.5 Air Dryer—Before being supplied to the flowmeters, the
9.1 Cleaning Glassware:
air shall be passed through a drying tower packed with
9.1.1 Clean new glassware by washing with a hot detergent
indicating grade anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent. The
solution (using a bristle brush) and rinse thoroughly with tap
quantity of desiccant should be sufficient to last for the entire
water. When any visible deposits remain, soaking with a hot
test. It is recommended that the drying tower be filled with
detergent solution can be helpful. After final cleaning by
fresh desiccant prior to the test.
soaking with a suitable cleaning solution rinse thoroughly with
tap water and then distilled water, and allow to dry at room
6.6 Filter, glass fiber, 2.8 µm porosity, 47 mm in diameter.
temperature or in an oven.
6.7 Balance, electronic, top-loading, capable of weighing to
9.1.2 Used glassware should be cleaned immediately fol-
thenearestcentigram(0.01 g)andhavingthecapacitytoweigh
lowingtheendofatest.Whenadditionalcleaningisnecessary,
up to 2000 g.
use a non-chromic acid containing cleaning solution.
6.8 Filter Holder, 47 mm, consisting of a borosilicate glass
9.2 Heating Block or Bath—Ensurethattheheatingblockor
funnel and a funnel base with a coarse-grade fritted glass filter
bath is able to heat the oxidation cell at the control temperature
support or stainless steel screen support such that the filter can
of 120 °C.
9.3 Flowmeter—Ensure that the flowmeter is capable of
3 delivering the desired flow rate of 3.0 L of air per hour.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (universal glassware and heating
bath with flowmeters as a complete unit) known to the committee at this time is
Falex Corporation, 1020 Airpark Drive, Sugar Grove, IL 60554-945
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5763 − 11 D5763 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils
Using Universal Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pressure
gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
NOTE 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be extended to
other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils. Refer to Classification D2422 for viscosity grades.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
D2893 Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability Test Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 adherent sludge, n—sludge that is formed on the walls of a container and is not easily removed.
3.1.2 aliquot, n—portion of sample being tested that is a representative portion of the whole.
3.1.3 extreme pressure gear oil, n—gear oil that contains chemical additives, such as sulfur and phosphorus compounds, which
produce a protective film on the metal surface to provide anti-scuffing and anti-scoring properties.
3.1.4 filterable sludge, n—sludge that is formed in the oil.
3.1.5 non-extreme pressure gear oil, n,n—gear oil that contains no extreme pressure additives.
3.1.6 oxidation, n—the process by which oxygen chemically reacts with materials.
3.1.7 sludge, n—in gear oils, a precipitate that sometimes forms as the oil ages or oxidizes.
3.1.8 universal glassware, n—the glassware that is described in the universal oxidation thermal stability test. Refer to Guide
D4871.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The viscosity of the gear oil being tested is determined. A 100-g100 g aliquot of the oil in a weighed apparatus is subjected
to a temperature of 120°C120 °C for 312 h 312 h while dry air is passed through the aliquot at 3 3 L L/h.⁄h.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2016. Published March 2012November 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
ε1
D5763–95(2006)D5763 – 11. . DOI: 10.1520/D5763-11.10.1520/D5763-11R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5763 − 11 (2016)
4.2 At the end of the stress period, the aliquot is cooled to room temperature. The apparatus is reweighed to determine oil loss.
Filterable sludge is recovered by vacuum filtration using a 2.8-μm2.8 μm glass fiber filter medium. The viscosity of the filtered oil
is determined. Sludge adhering to the oxidation cell and associated glassware is rinsed with heptane and the washings passed
through the same filter used to filter the filterable sludge. The filter is dried in an oven to a constant weight to determine the total
filterable sludge.
4.3 The apparatus is dried and weighed to determine the amount of adherent sludge. The sum of the filterable sludge and
adherent sludge is reported as total sludge. The percentage change in viscosity and percent oil loss are also reported.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Degradation of gear oils by oxidation or thermal breakdown, or both, can result in sludge buildup and render the oil
unsuitable for further use as a lubricant.
5.2 This is the only test method that employs glassware to measure the amount of sludge produced during oxidation and thermal
degradation. This test method is a modification of Test Method D2893 which measures the viscosity increase and precipitation
number of the oil stressed at 95°C,95 °C, but does not measure the amount of sludge formed.
5.3 This test method can be used to evaluate the oxidation/thermal stability of gear oils. However, the test results may not
correlate with the performance of gear oils in field service.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled, capable of maintaining the oil sample in the oxidation cell at a uniform
temperature of 120120 °C 6 1°C1 °C and large enough to hold a minimum of two oxidation cells and sufficiently deep to allow
approximately 120 mm 120 mm of the test tubes to extend above the heating liquid or block. The heating block is further described
in Test Method D4871.
6.2 Oxidation Cell, consists of borosilicate glass; a 38- mm 38 mm inside diameter and a 300300 mm 6 5-mm5 mm length is
required.
NOTE 2—While the round-robin test used the oxidation cell from a specific equipment manufacturer in determining the precision statement, the test
method permits the use of other oxidation cells that meet the requirements of 6.2.
6.3 Air Delivery Tube, a borosilicate glass tube having an inside diameter of 5 mm 5 mm and a minimum length of 320 mm,
320 mm, with the lower tip cut at a 45° angle.
NOTE 3—The oxidation cell and delivery tube are further described in Test Method D4871.
6.4 Flowmeters, one for each oxidation cell, capable of measuring an air flow of 33 L L/h ⁄h 6 0.5 0.5 L L/h.⁄h.
6.5 Air Dryer—Before being supplied to the flowmeters, the air shall be passed through a drying tower packed with indicating
grade anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent. The quantity of desiccant should be sufficient to last for the entire test. It is
recommended that the drying tower be filled with fresh desiccant prior to the test.
6.6 Filter, glass fiber, 2.8-μm2.8 μm porosity, 47 mm 47 mm in diameter.
6.7 Balance, electronic, top-loading, capable of weighing to the nearest centigram (0.01 g) (0.01 g) and having the capacity to
weigh up to 2000 g.2000 g.
6.8 Filter Holder, 47 mm, 47 mm, consisting of a borosilicate glass funnel and a funnel base with a coarse-grade fritted glass
filter support or stainless steel screen support such that the filter can be clamped between the ground glass sealing surfaces of the
funnel and its base by means of a metal clamp.
6.9 Oven, explosive-proof, capable of heating from 5050 °C to 60°C60 °C and of a sufficient size to hold oxidation cells.
6.10 Thermometer, ASTM solvent distillation thermometer having a range from 9898 °C to 152°C152 °C or equivalent digital
contact thermometer.
6.11 Vacuum Source, to provide pressure reduction to 100100 mm 6 5 mm 5 mm Hg absolute pressure.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Air Supply, dried air, oil free, at constant pressure to permit 33 L L/h ⁄h air flow through the system. House air supply or
pressurized air cylinders can be used.
7.2 Calcium Sulfate Desiccant, Anhydrous, indicating grade (desiccant that changes color when it nears saturation with water).
Desiccants equivalent to calcium sulfate can be used.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (universal glassware and heating bath with flowmeters as a complete unit) known to the committee at this time is Falex
Corporation, 1020 Airpark Drive, Sugar Grove, IL 60554-9452. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5763 − 11 (2016)
7.3 Heptane—minimum purity, 99.75 %. (Warning—Heptane is flammable and a health hazard.)
8. Sampling
8.1 Samples for this test method can come from tanks, drums, small containers, or operating equipment. Therefore, use the
applicable apparatus and techniques described in Practice D4057 to obtain suitable samples.
8.2 Special precautions to preserve the integrity of a sample will not normally be required. It is good practice to avoid undue
exposure of samples to heat, sunlight, or strong direct light. Visibly heterogeneous samples should not be used.
8.3 It is recommended that a 200-mL200 mL representative be obtained. To ensure the aliquot being tested is representative of
the sample, agitation; for example, stirring or shaking of the oil prior to obtaining an aliquot, is recommended.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Cleaning Glassware:
9.1.1 Clean new glassware by washing with a hot detergent solution (using a bristle brush) and rinse thoroughly with tap water.
When any visible deposits remain, soaking with a hot detergent solution can be helpful. After final cleaning by soaking with a
suitable cleaning solution rinse thoroughly with tap water and then distilled water, and allow to dry at room temperature or in an
oven.
9.1.2 Used glassware should be cleaned immediately following the end of a test. When additional cleaning is necessary, use a
non-chromic acid containing cleaning
...